| 姓名 |
邱瀧毅(Long-yi Qiu)
查詢紙本館藏 |
畢業系所 |
環境工程研究所 |
| 論文名稱 |
職業安全危害辨識方法探討
(Occupational Safety HazardIdentification Methodology Development)
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| 相關論文 | |
| 檔案 |
 [Endnote RIS 格式]
[Bibtex 格式]
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| 摘要(中) |
危害辨識、風險評估和風險控制是職業安全衛生管理系統的關鍵步驟，有效的職業安全衛生管理系統必須能夠控制與事業單位相關作業產生的傷害和職業病的風險。為達到該目的，必須建立危險辨識和風險評估的方法及評估相關的風險，並確定風險的可接受度，最終確定適當的風險控制措施。危害辨識可分為作業危害辨識及製程安全評估二種，作業危害辨識係探討人員於不同作業條件所面臨的危害，如人員暴露於高溫、使用鋒利工具或是高處作業，而製程安全評估主要探討製程所使用物料的特性及製程操作偏離所引起的危害。文獻雖提起危害辨識的重要性，但常見的危害辨識方法以製程安全評估為主，例如危害可操作性分析，因此本研究擬建立職業安全危害辨識方法。
本研究參考HSG 65「成功的安全衛生管理」、BS 8800「職業安全衛生管理系統指引」、OHSAS 18001「職業安全衛生管理系統-規範」、臺灣職業安全衛生管理系統指導綱要和新加坡人力部「風險評估指引」等文獻，歸納常見作業危害來源、危害類型、可能的危害發生過程，並以查核表分析方法整合上述資料，製作危害辨識查核表，本研究利用作業安全分析步驟延伸成為危害辨識查核表使用步驟，但所列舉的危害類型不包含長時間作業造成的職業病及心理疾病。本研究利用鋼柱吊掛作業、侷限空間作業及槽車卸料作業為案例，驗證本研究所建立之危害辨識方法的可行性。
研究結果顯示本論文所提危害辨識方法，可有效的辨識作業場所潛在的危害及可能的危害發生過程，達到建置可行的作業危害辨識方法及協助後續風險評估的效益。
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| 摘要(英) |
Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control is a critical element of an occupational health and safety, OH&S, management system. An effective OH&S management system must be capable of controlling all risks of injury and ill health associated with an organization’s activities. This is achieved by developing a methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment, identifying hazards, estimating the associated risks, determining the acceptability of the risks and, finally, determining the appropriate risk controls. Significant hazard must be identified before any proper risk control can be designed implemented.
The purpose of hazard identification is to recognize the source, situation or activity that has the potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health or both and define the hazard characteristics. The general hazard identification methodologies can be classified as process hazard analysis and occupational hazard analysis. The most commonly used hazard analysis methodology for process safety analysis is hazard and operability study, HazOp. However, unlike HazOp, well-defined and widely accepted methods for occupational hazard analysis do not exist. Most occupational health and safety management system standards or guidelines only provide principles or recommendations. It is up to the individual organizations to develop their own occupational hazard identification methods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design an effective methodology for occupational hazard analysis. The proposed methodology combines the principles of checklist and job safety analysis. The rationale for choosing checklist is for its ease of use while job safety analysis is selected for its emphasis on breaking down a job into sequential procedures.
iii
Hazard identification principles of HSG65, BS 8800, OHSAS 18001, Taiwan Occupational Safety and Health Management System Guidelines and the Singapore Ministry of Manpower’s risk assessment guidelines are adopted in designing the occupational hazard checklist. Elements of the checklist include work conditions such as work environment and location, equipment/tools/machinery involved, energy source and materials. From the work conditions, the source of hazard, possible accident scenarios and types of injury can then be identified.
Effectiveness of the proposed occupational hazard identification technique is validated with three types of operations such as steel beam hanging, confined space entry and chemical tanker unloading. Test results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of effectively identifying physical and chemical hazards associated with different types of jobs.
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| 關鍵字(中) |
★ 危害類型
★ 危害辨識
★ 風險評估
★ 危害來源 |
關鍵字(英) |
★ Risk assessment
★ Hazard identification
★ Type of hazard
★ Source of hazard |
| 論文目次 |
摘要...................................................................................................................... i
Abstract ............................................................................................................... ii
誌謝.................................................................................................................... iv
目錄..................................................................................................................... v
圖目錄............................................................................................................... vii
表目錄.............................................................................................................. viii
第一章 緒論....................................................................................................... 1
1.1研究背景................................................................................................... 1
1.2研究目的................................................................................................... 3
1.3 研究架構.................................................................................................. 3
第二章 文獻回顧............................................................................................... 5
2.1 危害辨識與職業安全衛生管理系統...................................................... 5
2.1.1 BS 8800 風險評估及控制要求........................................................ 6
2.1.2 OHSAS 18001危害辨識考量的要項............................................... 8
2.1.3 OHSAS 18002 危害辨識及風險評估概念...................................... 9
2.1.4 台灣職業安全衛生管理系統相關要求......................................... 10
2.1.5 BS 18004危害辨識建議事項......................................................... 13
2.1.6 澳洲人為作業執行規範................................................................. 13
2.2 危害辨識程序考量與記錄.................................................................... 16
2.3 查核表分析法........................................................................................ 17
第三章 危害辨識方法探討............................................................................. 21
3.1危害辨識方法發展流程......................................................................... 21
3.2危害來源收集及分析............................................................................. 22
3.2.1 BS 8800 危害引導表...................................................................... 23
3.2.2 TOSHMS風險評估技術指引......................................................... 24
3.2.3 新加坡人力資源部風險管理指引................................................. 29
3.2.4 大陸企業職工傷亡分類................................................................. 30
3.3 作業危害來源歸納................................................................................ 33
3.4 危害發生過程評估................................................................................ 35
3.5 後果及危害類型確認............................................................................ 35
3.6 危害辨識方法建立................................................................................ 36
3.7危害辨識方法執行步驟......................................................................... 41
第四章危害辨識案例探討............................................................................... 47
4.1鋼柱吊裝作業案例說明......................................................................... 47
4.2 侷限空間作業案例說明........................................................................ 61
4.3槽車卸料作業案例說明......................................................................... 73
第五章 結論與建議......................................................................................... 84
5.1 結論 ........................................................................................................ 84
5.2 建議 ........................................................................................................ 85
參考文獻........................................................................................................... 87
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| 參考文獻 |
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4. British Standards Institution, Occupational Health and Safety Management System –Guide, BS 8800: 2004.
5. British Standards Institution, Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series-Requirements, OHSAS 18001:2007.
6. 行政院勞工委員會，臺灣職業安全衛生管理系統指導綱領，2008。
7. Singapore Ministry of Manpower, Workplace Safety and Health Risk Management-Risk Assessment Guidelines, 2006.
8. British Standards Institution, Guide to Achieving Effective Occupational Health and Safety Performance, BS 18004: 2008.
9. British Standards Institution, Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Series-Guidelines for the Implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007, OHSAS 18002: 2008.
10. Commission for Occupational Safety and Health, Manual Tasks Code of Practice, Western Australia, 2010.
11. International Labour Organization, Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems, ILO-OSH 2001.
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and Health Act, 2005.
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17. V. M. Fthenakis and S.R. Trammell, Reference Guide for Hazard Analysis in PV Facilities, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2003.
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22. International Electrotechnical Commission, Risk management–Risk assessment techniques, IEC/ISO 31010:2009.
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25. 賈台寶，侷限空間安全工作計畫指引，行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所，勞工安全衛生技術叢書，2001。
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27. 行政院勞工委員會，危險性機械及設備安全檢查規則，2007。
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| 指導教授 |
于樹偉(Shuh -woei Yu)
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審核日期 |
2012-1-18 |
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