| 姓名 |
洪健倫(Jien-Luan Hong)
查詢紙本館藏 |
畢業系所 |
英美語文學系 |
| 論文名稱 |
三位尋找葬禮的劇中人：《馬奎斯的三場葬禮》對美國文化幻想的修正
(Three Characters in Search for a Burial: Revising American Cultural Fantasies in Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada)
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| 摘要(中) |
本論文分析美國導演湯米‧李‧瓊斯首部劇情長片《馬奎斯的三場葬禮》且聚焦於其三位男主角所遭遇的挫折與其之意涵。這三個角色──警長貝蒙、牧場工人皮特伯肯斯、新進邊境巡警麥克諾頓──皆試圖將遭誤殺的墨西哥籍非法移工馬奎斯艾斯卓達入土為安，但沒有任何人成功地進行葬禮。這三位主角的角色設定承襲警長、牛仔、與新手等三個廣為人知的西部片人物，因而我將他們面臨的挫折視為本片對於好萊塢西部片諸多價值觀的質疑。我認為警長貝蒙對力行其（身為警長、與身為男人的）能力的力不從心，意指美國行使其律法──諸如正義與道德良知等崇高的社會價值觀，與美國力求成為模範之國並庇護所有於貧窮、迫害之中受苦之人的理想──的能力在其政府以政治利益為優先考量的前提之下已名存實亡。而儘管出身德州的牧場工人皮特像個牛仔英雄般地挺身主持正義，並忠實地兌現他對馬奎斯許下的承諾，他最後以失敗收場，並因而揭露了牛仔英勇形象實為立基於對墨西哥、墨國人民的不實、貶抑的想像之上。而麥可誤殺了無辜的馬奎斯反映美國大眾對於美墨邊境二元分立式的認同，以及公眾在大眾媒體與好萊塢渲染之下對於非法移民議題展現的憂慮。透過皮特與麥克的墨國之行，《馬》展示了美墨邊境的真實樣貌，與其曖昧本質，並解構了三位主角所體現的西部神話。透過本片的結局，《馬》看似為劇中角色達成了和解，並藉此呼籲美國重塑其對美墨邊境的認同，以得到救贖。
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| 摘要(英) |
This thesis treats Tommy Lee Jones’ debut feature film, The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada, focusing specifically on three male protagonists, each of whom attempts to bury Melquiades Estrada, a Mexican illegal migrant worker mistakenly shot by one of them. As heirs to three common figures of the Hollywood Western, the sheriff, the cowboy, and the tenderfoot, I take each of their failures to properly bury Estrada be a challenge to the values each embodies. First, I argue that Sheriff Belmont’s inability to enforce the law signifies the failure of values central to American identity such as being a model nation that provides freedom and justice to the world’s oppressed. Second, I treat ranch hand Pete Perkins, who by befriending Estrada and returning him to Mexico after he is killed fulfills qualities we associate with the cowboy hero of loyalty and courage. Yet, he also fails to bury Melquiades as he promised due to illusions concerning Mexico and Mexicans commonplace to the Western and to popular media generally in the United States. Third, I take the young Border Patrol agent Mike Norton as a typical Western tenderfoot, and his panic in shooting the innocent Melquiades as the result of the American public’s oppositional border identity and anxiety over illegal immigration, again captured and amplified by Hollywood and mass media. Through Pete and Mike’s journey to Mexico, Three Burials introduces the reality of the U.S.-Mexico border and the world beyond it, thus undermining the existing border mythology. The thesis concludes by arguing that Three Burials suggest the future of American cross-border relations depends on more flexible and humane border laws, as well as more flexible and humane people to enforce them.
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| 關鍵字(中) |
★ 美墨邊境認同
★ 好萊塢電影中的非法移民
★ 美國國家認同
★ 《馬奎斯的三場葬禮》
★ 好萊塢西部片 |
關鍵字(英) |
★ illegal immigrants in Hollywood cinema
★ Mex.-U.S. border identity
★ American identity
★ Hollywood Westerns
★ Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada |
| 論文目次 |
ENGLISH ABSTRACT..........................................I
CHINESE ABSTRACT.........................................II
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.........................................III
CONTENTS.................................................IV
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.....................................V
CHAPTER ONE:Introduction..................................1
CHAPTER TWO: The Mighty America Emasculated: Law of The Land ..........................................................9
CHAPTER THREE: Faith, Misrecognition, and the Fall of an American Hero: Law of the Cowboy.........................20
CHAPTER FOUR:A Modern Tenderfoot and His Boundaries: Law of The Border...............................................36
CHAPTER FIVE: Conclusion.................................50
WORKS CITED..............................................52
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| 參考文獻 |
Works Cited
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de Crevecoeur, J. Hector St. John. "From Letters from an American Farmer." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baynm et al. 6th ed. A vols. New York. London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003. 657-82. Print.
Dunn, Anne Kathleen Mary. "Television News as Narrative." Fulton, Helen Elizabeth, et al. Narrative and Media. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 140-52. Print.
Fojas, Camilla. "Hollywood Border Cinema: Westerns with a Vengeance." Journal of Popular Film and Television 2011: 93-101. Print.
---. Border Bandits: Hollywood on the Southern Border. Austin: Univesity of Texas Press, 2008. Print.
Fulton, Helen Elizabeth, et al. Narrative and Media. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print.
Herrick, Thaddeus. "Marine on anti-drug duty shoots, kills student/Teen tending to goats allegedly fired at soldiers." 22 May 1997. Houston Chronicle Archives. Web. Accessed on 11 May 2012.
Jones, Tommy Lee. "Tommy Lee Jones, Exploring New Territory". Weekend Edition Saturday. Scott Simon. NPR. 28 Jan. 2006. Web. Accessed on 15 Jun. 2011.
---. Interview: Tommy Lee Jones on His Directorial Debut. Pidde Anderson. Bukisa, 11 Sep 2009. Web. Accessed on 15 Jun. 2011.
---. Tommy Lee Jones Digs Deep. Alex Simon. The Hollywood Interview, 7 Jan. 2008. Web. Accessed on 15 Jun. 2011.
---. Tommy Lee Jones on Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada. Emanuel Levy. EmanuelLevy.com, n.d. Web. Accessed on 15 Jun. 2011.
---. Tommy Lee Jones: The Three Burials Of Melquiades Estrada. Stephen Appledaum. BBC, March 2006. Web. Accessed on 15 Jun. 2011.
Lazarus, Emma. “The New Colossus.” 1883. Engraved in the Statue of Liberty, 1903.
Miller, Ernest I. "Cincinnati." 2011. Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Online. Accessed on Web. 16 Nov. 2011.
Paulsen, Monte. "Fatal Error: Hooked on Drug Money." 25 December 1998. The Austin Chronicle. Web. Accessed on 8 September 2010.
Reagan, Ranold. "Transcript of Reagan’’s Farewell Address to American People." New York Times (1989). Web. Accessed on 12 March 2011.
Robison, G. Alan. “Drug Policy Forum of Texas focus on the Esequiel Hernandez killing”. Drug Policy Forum of Texas. dpft.org. 3 March 2001. Accessed on 8 September 2010
Stagecoach. Dir. John Ford. Perf. John Wayne, Claire Trevor and Andy Devine. 1939. Film.
Strang, Brent. "That There Corpse Is Startin’’ to Turn!: Three Burials and the Post Modern Western." Cinephile: the University of British Columbia’’s Film Journal Summer 2009: 39-45. Print.
The Border. Dir. Tony Richardson. Perf. Harvey Keitel, Valerie Perrine Jack Nicholson. 1982. Film.
The Magnificent Seven. Dir. John Sturges. Perf. Yul Brynner, Steve McQueen and Charles Bronson. 1960. Film.
The Man Who Shot Liberty Vallance. Dir. John Ford. Perf. James Stewart, John Wayne and Vera Miles. 1962. Film.
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Tin Star. Dir. Anthony Mann. Perf. Anthony Perkins, Betsy Palmer Henry Fonda. 1957. Film.
Torres, Steven L. "Generic Subversion in The Three Burials of Melquiadqes Estrada." The Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies Fall 2009-Spring 2010: 158-170. Print.
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| 指導教授 |
司徒尉(David M. Stewart)
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審核日期 |
2012-7-13 |
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