動態磁振造影的腦下垂體微小腺瘤輔助診斷

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姓名

高瓊安(Chiung-An Kao) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

生物醫學工程研究所

論文名稱

動態磁振造影的腦下垂體微小腺瘤輔助診斷
(Computer Aided Diagnosis of Pituitary Gland Microadenoma Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI)

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摘要(中)

腦下垂體微小腺瘤在外觀上沒有明顯變化，診斷上依賴磁振造影動態掃描，在注射顯影劑前與注射顯影劑後一分鐘、兩分鐘、三分鐘和四分鐘共五個時間點的相同位置拍攝影像，觀察腦下垂體在不同時序的顯影變化。由於腦下垂體體積不大，且顯影訊號變化強度不明顯，造成臨床醫師判讀困擾。本論文主要目的是希望藉由影像處理的技術，先切割出腦下垂體，進而分析動態顯影曲線，在原始影像上標記分析結果，以協助臨床醫師診斷判讀病灶。
我們的方法包含腦下垂體影像分割和顯影曲線分析兩大部分。在腦下垂體影像分割部分，我們利用考量邊方向和強度的圓形霍氏轉換，找到影像中的內頸動脈。根據內頸動脈位置圈選出矩形區域，再使用 Otsu’s 方法得到門檻值將影像二值化，接著使用連結區塊運算並選取最大區塊，將五個時序影像的最大區塊做交集運算，切割出腦下垂體。在曲線分析部分，根據臨床診斷微小腺瘤的方法，制定出分群準則，將腦下垂體每個像素的顯影曲線分為七類，再依據臨床診斷經驗分為正常組織、疑似微小腺瘤和確定微小腺瘤三類，將結果標記回原圖，可提供臨床醫師異常曲線出現位置，做為診斷參考。

摘要(英)

MRI dynamic contrast-enhanced technical acquisition allows evaluation of temporal changes in signal intensity within sella structures, it is useful on differentiating normal pituitary gland and microadenoma. Enhancement pattern of adenoma and normal pituitary gland shows as a time intensity curve. Signal intensity increases more rapidly and to a greater degree in normal pituitary gland than in microadenoma. However, pituitary gland volume is small and enhanced signal is not obvious. The proposed system of this paper is to analyze the time intensity curve of first segment of the pituitary gland of the MRI images through of image processing technology.
The proposed system consists of two main stages - pituitary gland segmentation and time intensity curve analyzation. In pituitary gland segmentation, we detect internal carotid artery using Hough transform and select a bounding box based on the location of the internal carotid artery. Binary image is obtained Otsu’s method within the bounding box and the largest connected component is selected as the location of pituitary gland. In time intensity curve analyzation , we cluster time intensity curves into seven types according to clinical diagnosis.
Finally, we provide cluster assignment maps based on the clustering results as a diagnostic aid.

關鍵字(中)

★ 腦下垂體
★ 微小腺瘤
★ 磁振造影

關鍵字(英)

★ MRI
★ pituitary gland
★ microadenoma

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 相關研究 3
1.3 研究流程 5
1.4 論文架構 6
第二章基本影像處理技術 7
2.1 臨床診斷 7
2.2 考慮梯度向量的圓形霍氏轉換 9
2.2.1 邊緣偵測 9
2.2.2 傳統的霍氏轉換 10
2.2.3 使用梯度方向和強度改進參數空間 15
2.3 影像二值化 21
2.4 連結區塊 22
第三章腦下垂體影像分割 24
3.1 選取處理區域及影像對位 24
3.2 找出內頸動脈 28
3.3 找出腦下垂體 32
第四章顯影曲線分析 34
4.1 診斷準則 34
4.2 曲線分群 37
第五章實驗與討論 42
5.1 案例影像 42
5.2 腦下垂體切割 47
5.2.1 找出內頸動脈 47
5.2.2 找出腦下垂體 54
5.3 顯影曲線分析 60
第六章結論與未來展望 66
參考文獻 67

參考文獻

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指導教授

曾定章(Din-Chang Tseng)

審核日期

2012-7-19

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