微創椎弓根螺釘補強之最佳化分析

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姓名

蘇崇瑋(Chung-wei Su) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

微創椎弓根螺釘補強之最佳化分析
(Optimization analysis of strenthening invasive pedicle screw)

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摘要(中)

在老齡化的社會，脊椎疾病成為人類文明病之一，椎弓根螺釘為進行脊椎手術之基本原件，於手術中鎖入椎骨已提供固定源，使得脊椎系統穩定。隨著脊椎微創手術發展，為了配合導引針進行手術，傳統椎弓根螺釘逐漸被中空椎弓根螺釘取代，幾何形狀上由實心轉變成中空的螺釘。本研究先針對此兩種模型利用ANSYS套裝軟體以有限元素分析法比較應力上之差異；之後，並將同材質之Ti6Al4V插銷置入中空椎弓根螺釘中，進行強度補強之研究，探討此三種椎弓根螺釘(傳統、中空及中空置入插銷)之強度差異性。
此外，針對插銷置入中空孔之椎弓根螺釘模型，搭配田口品質工程法進行最佳化分析，將因子區分為椎弓根螺釘直徑5個水準、中空孔直徑3個水準、插銷間隙3個水準及插銷長度3個水準等四因子，探討各因子對於受力的椎弓根螺釘應力值之貢獻度，並找出模型之最佳化設計，最後進行驗證試驗以確定本研究之田口法使用是否正確。
最後，本研究參考文獻，建構出適用於本研究之微創用椎弓根螺釘之彎曲強度數學模性，並驗證其應力值與經有限元素分析之值是否呈現正相關，日後研究螺釘模型如與本研究相同，可於進行有限元素法之前先以此數學模型進行計算，可節省分析時間。

摘要(英)

In this aging society, spinal disease becomes one of the common human civilization diseases. Pedicle screw is a fundamental part used in spinal surgery. We lock pedicle screw into the vertebrae to provide a fixed force to offer the stability of the human spine. With the development of the invasive spine surgery, traditional pedicle screw is replaced by cannular pedicle screw in order to be used in surgery with guide pin. In this study, firstly, we use the finite elements analysis method to compare the two models’ (tradional and cannular) difference in stress. Secondly, we put the same material (Ti6Al4V) of pin into the cannular pedicle screw to expect increasing pedicle screw’s intensity. And compare these three pedicle screws’ (traditional, cannular and cannular with pin) intensity in stress.
In addition, we use Taguchi method to do the optimization aimed at cannular pedicle screw with pin. The four factors include five levels of pedicle screw diameter, three levels of cannular diameter, three levels of clearance between pin and cannular pedicle screw and three levels of pin length. Explore the contribution of each factor for pedicle screw’s stress and find out the best model. At last, making the best model, and comparing it with other models to check the Taguchi method we use is correct.
At the last, consulting the reference to construct a mathematical model of bending strength of invasive pedicle screw, and compare its stress value with value of FEM. If it shows the positive correlation, we can use this model to calculate stress value before FEM to save analysis time in the fusture.

關鍵字(中)

★ 椎弓根螺釘
★ 田口品質工程法
★ 有限元素分析法
★ 脊椎微創手術

關鍵字(英)

★ pedicle screw
★ invasive spine surgery
★ finite element analysis
★ Taguchi method

論文目次

第一章序論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2簡介脊椎基本構造 2
1-2-1 椎骨 3
1-2-2椎間盤 4
1-2-3韌帶 5
1-3常見脊椎疾病 6
1-3-1 脊椎退化性關節疾病 6
1-3-2椎間盤突出 7
1-3-3骨質疏鬆症 7
1-3-4椎間滑脫症 8
1-4脊椎疾病治療方式 9
1-4-1保守方法 9
1-4-2局部手術 10
1-4-3大型手術 10
1-5脊椎融合術(Spinal Fusion Surgery) 10
1-5-1脊椎融合術介紹 10
1-5-2脊椎融合術之文獻回顧 11
1-6脊椎動靜態固定系統之發展 12
1-6-1靜態脊椎固定系統 12
1-6-2動態脊椎固定系統 13
1-6-3動態固定器之研究 15
1-7椎弓根螺釘 16
1-7-1椎弓根螺釘之幾何與材料介紹 16
1-7-2椎弓根螺釘之文獻回顧 18
1-8微創性手術 19
1-8-1微創脊椎融合術 19
1-8-2內視鏡椎間盤切除術 20
1-8-3微創置入脊椎固定系統 21
1-9研究動機與目的 21
1-10本文架構 22
第二章材料與方法 24
2-1有限元素分析 24
2-1-1有限元素分析法基本介紹(Finite Element Method) 24
2-1-2有限元素分析法流程 25
2-1-3有限元素分析在生醫及脊椎方面之應用研究 26
2-2最佳化分析 26
2-2-1傳統多水準複因子實驗法 26
2-2-2田口法 30
2-2-3田口品質工程法之文獻回顧 33
第三章研究流程 35
3-1分析模型建立 35
3-2有限元素分析 40
3-2-1材質設定 40
3-2-2網格分割設定 40
3-2-3接觸條件設定 42
3-2-4負載與拘束條件設定 44
3-2-5結果指標選用 44
3-3椎弓根螺釘之最佳化分析 45
3-4中空椎弓根螺釘之彎曲強度數學模型 48
第四章結果與討論 53
4-1椎弓根螺釘之有限元素分析結果 53
4-1-1椎弓根螺釘之網格收斂性分析 53
4-1-2椎弓根螺釘有限元素分析之von Mises應力結果 55
4-1-3椎弓根螺釘有限元素分析之位移結果 62
4-1-4插銷之von Mises應力及位移結果 63
4-2中空椎弓根螺釘之最佳化分析結果 64
4-2-1田口法分析結果 64
4-2-2變異數分析 72
4-2-3各因子之最佳化設計 73
4-2-4 最佳化之驗證試驗 74
4-3彎曲強度數學模型計算結果 77
第五章結論與未來展望 79
5-1結論 79
5-1-1椎弓根螺釘有限元素分析 79
5-1-2最佳化分析之結論 79
5-1-3中空椎弓根螺釘彎曲強度數學模型之結論 80
5-2未來展望 80
參考文獻 81

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指導教授

黃俊仁(Jiun-Ren Huang)

審核日期

2012-7-30

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