蓮華池蒸發散季節特性探討與樹液探針之應用

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姓名

李漢宗(Han-tsung Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

水文與海洋科學研究所

論文名稱

蓮華池蒸發散季節特性探討與樹液探針之應用
(Studies of Seasonal Evapotranspiration Characteristics at Lien-Hua-Chih and Application of the Sap Flow Probe)

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摘要(中)

蒸發散不僅在水平衡收支裡扮演重要的角色，同時對陸氣交互作用之地表過程也有重大之影響。利用渦流相關系統觀測地表通量，以及所收集的微氣象變數，計算出空氣動力導度、植被導度與退耦係數，並以樹液探針量測樹液流速。
本研究目的為：(1)利用退耦係數的概念，了解乾濕季內蒸發散的驅動營力，並探討植被層與大氣間耦合的情形。(2)以樹液探針量測現地的樹液流變動情形，觀察流速變化與環境變數的相關性。
研究成果指出，乾濕季平均退耦係數分別為0.20與0.34，平均植被導度分別為0.0047 m/s和0.0075 m/s，平均空氣動力導度皆為0.06 m/s。乾季時的樹液流動較為規律，具有日循環特徵，且淨輻射量與飽和蒸氣壓差對蒸散作用的影響較為顯著。降雨時期的樹液流資料較為散亂，呈現的變化曲線較為不平整。

摘要(英)

Evapotranspiration (ET) not only plays an important role of water budget, but also significantly affects surface hydrology processes. Surface fluxes were observed with an eddy covariance system in association with environmental factors measurements for computing aerodynamic conductance, canopy conductance and decoupling coefficient. Moreover, sap flow was measured by sap flow probes designed in this study.
The purpose of this study included: (1) to investigate seasonal characteristics of evapotranspiration in association with the decoupling coefficients for examining interactions between canopy and atmosphere. (2) to study the correlation between sap flow velocities and environmental variables by sap flow probes designed in this study.
For dry and wet seasons, the decoupling coefficients of 0.20 and 0.34, respectively, the canopy conductance were 0.0047 m/s and 0.0075 m/s, respectively; the aerodynamic conductances were equally 0.06 m/s. During dry season, sap flow data shows significant diurnal cycles; radiation and vapor pressure deficit are concluded as major driving factors of tree transpiration. However, the wet season sap flow data presents irregular patterns due to frequent rainfalls.

關鍵字(中)

★ 蒸發散
★ 樹液探針
★ 退耦係數
★ 渦流相關法

關鍵字(英)

★ Evapotranspiration
★ sap flow probe
★ Eddy covariance
★ decoupling coefficient

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 3
1.3 本文架構 3
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1 樹液探針之應用 5
2.2 退耦係數法 10
第三章研究方法 15
3.1 渦流相關法 15
3.1.1 渦流相關法估算潛熱與可感熱通量 17
3.1.2 渦流相關法計算摩擦速度 20
3.1.3 Bowen ratio 20
3.2 退耦係數 21
3.2.1 空氣動力導度與植被導度 22
3.2.2 退耦係數之推導 24
3.3 熱消散法 29
3.3.1 樹液探針基本原理 29
3.3.2 樹液探針製作方法 33
3.3.3 儀器校正 35
第四章研究樣區與資料分析 39
4.1 實驗場址 39
4.1.1 樣區簡述 39
4.1.2 樹種調查與邊材面積測定 40
4.1.3 觀測儀器 44
4.2 資料處理 49
4.2.1 地表通量資料 49
4.2.2 土壤水分資料 50
4.2.3 樹液流資料 50
第五章結果與討論 53
5.1 蒸發散季節特性之探討 53
5.2 蒸散作用與環境參數的關連性 76
5.2.1乾濕季內蒸散量變化—以黃杞樣樹為例 77
5.2.2.乾季內樹液流速之變化—以烏皮茶樣樹為例 91
5.2.3 不同樹種於乾季時的樹液流特徵 97
第六章結論與建議 105
6.1 結論 105
6.2 建議 106
參考文獻 109

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指導教授

李明旭(Ming-hsu Li)

審核日期

2012-7-11

推文