快速滑動塊體滑動面正向應力與超額移動距離

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陳宥任(You-Ren Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

快速滑動塊體滑動面正向應力與超額移動距離
(Relation between the normal stress on slip plane of a rapidly sliding mass and the excessive travel distance)

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摘要(中)

隨著隨山崩體積增加，山崩滑移距離愈遠，排除了受控於地形因素後，通常伴隨發生移動距離超過預期（超額移動距離，excessive travel distance）之現象。造成大型山崩超額移動距離甚遠的機制，目前仍是科學界爭論不休的議題。根據文獻資料顯示，超額移動距離與體積呈正相關，藉由蒐集山崩滑移距離與滑移深度資料，顯示兩者間之關係亦呈正相關。經由高速旋剪試驗進行岩石-岩石接觸摩擦試驗與夾泥摩擦試驗，發現氣乾砂岩試體於高速剪動下（1.3 m/s），隨正向應力愈大（0.5MPa-3MPa），尖峰（1.51-0.98）與穩態（1.12-0.42）摩擦係數即愈小，其弱化機制主要由熔融物潤滑，正向應力控制岩石熔融速率，使其在較大之正向應力可以較快產生弱化機制，正向應力控制熔融帶厚度，厚度愈厚穩態摩擦係數愈低，滑動塊體需消耗摩擦能即減少，因此塊體滑移距離增加；夾泥試驗的試驗結果亦顯示隨著正向應力增加，摩擦係數隨之減小（尖峰摩擦係數：0.69-0.35，穩態摩擦係數：0.26-0.04），但試驗結果摩擦係數遠小於岩石-岩石接觸試驗。使用實驗求得摩擦係數，模擬假設山崩滑動情形，引入岩石-岩石接觸試驗摩擦係數顯示正向應力大於1.5MPa將產生超額移動距離，超額移動距離隨正向應力增加而增加。夾泥試驗的摩擦係數皆足以讓山崩產生超額移動距離，但是滑移距離對正向應力的影響較氣乾砂岩不明顯，本研究推論，超額移動距離受山崩塊體體積影響之機制，可能部分受控於滑動面正向應力之大小外，材料特性與含水量情況亦扮演重要腳色。

摘要(英)

The run-out of large landslide increased with the increasing landslide volume. Excessive travel distance is usually observed. Researchers have been looking for mechanism of this phenomenon, and that can not completely explain this phenomenon in decades. Based on the historic cases, the excessive travel distances of the landslides are highly related to its thickness (normal stress). This study uses high-velocity rotary apparatus doing a series of shear experiments on dry rocks (sandstone) and wet gouges (bedding-parallel fault gouge), performed under normal stress of 0.5-3 MPa with slip rates of 1.3m/s. The result shows that the peak friction coefficient (sandstone: 1.51-0.98; gouge: 0.69-0.35) and the steady state friction coefficient (sandstone: 0.69-0.35; gouge: 0.26-0.04) decreased when normal stress increased. Simplified cases of simulation show that excessive travel distance increase with normal stress in sandstone and gouge experiments. When normal stress is larger than 1.5MPa, it will generate excessive travel distance in rock experiments. It’s enough to friction coefficient in all gouge experiments for generating excessive travel distance. Normal stress is not significantly affected in gouge experiments. The excessive travel distance is function of the normal stress, materials and water contain.

關鍵字(中)

★ 山崩
★ 山崩厚度
★ 正向應力
★ 高速旋剪試驗
★ 超額移動距離

關鍵字(英)

★ landslide
★ landslide thickness
★ high velocity rotary-shear experiment
★ normal stress
★ excessive travel distance

論文目次

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xiv
第一章緒論 1
1-1研究動機與目的 1
1-2論文內文概述 2
1-3研究架構 3
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1大型山崩之遠距滑移現象 4
2-2大型山崩的遠距滑移機制 8
2-3大型山崩滑移速度 11
2-4大型山崩滑動面摩擦特性 13
第三章研究方法 16
3-1山崩案例蒐集 16
3-2實驗樣本 16
3-3高速旋剪摩擦試驗 20
3-3-1高速旋剪試驗儀 21
3-3-2實驗試體需求與製備方法 22
3-3-3實驗操作流程 25
3-3-4扭力測定儀校正 28
3-4樣本物性試驗、組成成分分析與微觀構造 30
3-4-1物性試驗 31
3-4-2掃描式電子顯微鏡 31
3-4-3雷射粒徑分析儀 33
3-4-5偏光顯微鏡 35
3-4-6旋剪試驗之實驗參數 36
第四章研究結果 38
4-1大型山崩塊體厚度與超額移動距離 38
4-2砂岩與層間斷層泥物理性質與組成成份分析 41
4-2-1砂岩 41
4-2-2層間斷層泥 41
4-3砂岩高速摩擦試驗過程觀察與剪動過程階段劃分 43
4-4高速旋剪摩擦試驗結果 46
4-4-1岩石-岩石接觸摩擦試驗 46
4-4-2夾泥摩擦試驗 58
4-5岩石試驗與夾泥試驗摩擦係數彙整 70
第五章綜合討論 74
5-1正向應力對摩擦特性及山崩移動距離之影響 74
5-1-1滑移弱化距離（Dc） 74
5-1-2穩態摩擦係數 77
5-2岩石-岩石接觸摩擦試驗弱化機制與微觀構造 81
5-3滑移速度對於摩擦特性影響 92
第六章結論與建議 93
6-1結論 93
6-2建議 94
參考文獻 95
附錄一 101
附錄二 102
附錄三 106
附錄四 113
附錄五 116

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指導教授

董家鈞(Jia-Jyun Dong)

審核日期

2012-8-30

推文