1999年集集地震土壤非線性反應之定量分析

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：76

、訪客IP：3.144.47.27

姓名

鄭逸瑋(Yi-Wei Jeng) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

地球物理研究所

論文名稱

1999年集集地震土壤非線性反應之定量分析
(QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEGREE OF NONLINEAR SITE RESPONSE FROM THE 1999 CHI-CHI, TAIWAN EARTHQUAKE)

相關論文

★ 利用井下地震儀陣列探討單站頻譜比法之應用	★ 高屏地區場址效應之探討
★ 以地震儀陣列及基因演算法推估近地表剪力波波速	★ 臺灣中部地區強地動波形模擬
★ 利用接收函數法推估蘭陽平原淺層速度構造	★ 蘭陽平原場址效應及淺層S波速度構造
★ 探討不同地質區強震站之淺層S波速度構造	★ 震源破裂過程及地表強地動特性之陣列分析研究
★ 利用微地動探討桃竹苗地區之場址效應	★ 利用微地動量測探討台灣中部地區之場址效應
★ 利用有限斷層法探討台北盆地之場址效應	★ 利用微地動量測探討台北盆地之場址效應
★ 以恆春地震探討高屏地區之場址效應	★ 利用隨機式震源模型探討蘭陽平原之場址效應
★ 利用時頻分析技術檢視土壤非線性反應	★ 台灣潛勢地震之發生機率評估

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

在西元1999年9月21日，台灣的中部地區發生了一個芮氏規模7.3的大地震，稱為921集集大地震。在過去的研究中，我們發現了在大地震發生時地表會產生強地動，當地表土層較鬆軟時，強地動在地表土層就可能會產生場址的非線性現象。我們可以利用強震的強地動記錄來和參考值做比較來做為辨別場址非線性現象的一個方法，而我們的參考值通常是使用弱震產生的微地動記錄的平均值。我們用的方法是單站頻譜比法，它是利用單一個地表站的水平向和垂直向的地震記錄分別去做傅立葉轉換後得到頻譜，再用水平向和垂直向的頻譜相除，這個頻譜比就代表了這個測站的場址反應。葉與溫(2001)利用了這個方法去研究台灣集集大地震所造成的非線性反應，而本篇研究的目的是進一步對這樣的非線性反應做定量分析。Noguchi和Sasatani(2008)將強震和弱震的頻譜比之間的差異加總起來去量化2003年off-Miyagi地震所造成之非線性反應，我們將利用同樣的方法去量化集集地震造成的非線性反應，並嘗試不同的方法來做討論，所使用的資料為中央氣象局TSMIP所提供，計算出來的非線性度值(DNL, Degree of nonlinearity)將和觀測結果與場址來做比較以顯示場址環境對非線性的影響。

摘要(英)

On September 21, 1999, the Chi-Chi earthquake (ML 7.3) occurred in the central Taiwan. There are many studies have indicated that nonlinear site response will occur when strong ground motion wave shook surface soft soil layers. We can identify the nonlinear site response by comparing the strong ground motion record to the reference weak motion record. The method we used is the horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio of a single surface station. Yeh and Wen (2001) used this method to study the nonlinear site response during the Chi-Chi earthquake. The main objective of this study is to quantify the degree of nonlinearity (DNL). Noguchi and Sasatani (2008) used the summation of differences between the H/V spectral ratio for strong motion and that for weak motion to calculate the DNL value. The same and modified methods are tried to calculate the DNL value in this study. The DNL value will compare with the site classification and Vs30 to show the influence of site condition to the nonlinearity.

關鍵字(中)

★ 集集地震
★ 非線性反應
★ 量化
★ 非線性度
★ 單站頻譜比法

關鍵字(英)

★ Chi-Chi earthquake
★ nonlinear response
★ H/V method
★ quantify
★ DNL

論文目次

中文摘要 ........................................................................ i
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ ii
致謝 ................................................................................................................................................ iii
目錄 ................................................................................................................................................ iv
表目錄 .................................................................................................................................................... vi
圖目錄 ................................................................................................................................................... vii
第一章緒論 ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 文獻回顧 .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 本文內容 .................................................................................................................................. 3
第二章中部區域地質背景 ............................................................................................................... 7
2.1 地質概況 .................................................................................................................................. 7
2.2 主要研究地區地質背景 ........................................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 員林地區 ........................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 霧峰地區 ........................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.3 南投市及貓羅溪沿岸 ..................................................................................................... 10
第三章研究原理與方法 ................................................................................................................. 25
3.1 局部場址的非線性反應 ......................................................................................................... 25
3.1.1 大地工程方面 ................................................................................................................. 25
3.1.2 地震觀測方面 ................................................................................................................. 26
3.2 傅氏振幅譜（Fourier amplitude spectrum） ................................................................. 27
3.3 單站頻譜比法（H/V ratio） ............................................................................................... 27
3.3.1 單站頻譜比法原理 ......................................................................................................... 28
3.3.2 資料選取及處理步驟 ..................................................................................................... 29
第四章資料分析結果與討論 ......................................................................................................... 38
4.1 單站頻譜比法分析 ................................................................................................................. 38
4.2 非線性定量分析 ..................................................................................................................... 38
4.3 研究結果 ................................................................................................................................ 39
4.3.1 DNL值與液化區之關聯 .................................................................................................. 39
4.3.2 DNL值與PGA之關聯 ...................................................................................................... 41
4.4 應力與應變的非線性討論 ..................................................................................................... 42
第五章結論 .................................................................................................................................... 64
5.1 非線性定量分析 ..................................................................................................................... 64
5.2 DNL值與PGA之相關性 .......................................................................................................... 64
5.3 應力與應變的非線性討論 ..................................................................................................... 65
參考文獻 .............................................................................................................................................. 67
附錄A 本研究使用之測站經緯度位置、強弱震相對變化率（D值）、非線性度值（DNL）、PGA及PGV大小 .......................................................................................................................................... 73

參考文獻

〔1〕 Aguirre, J. and Irikura, K., “Nonlinearity, liquefaction, and velocity variation of soft soil layers in Port Island, Kobe, during the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 87, 1244-1258, 1997.
〔2〕 Aki, K., “Local site effects on strong motion”, Earthq. Eng. Soil Dyn., GT Div/ASCE, Park city, Utah, June 27-30, 103-155, 1988.
〔3〕 Aki, K. and Chin, B. H., “Local site effects on weak and strong ground motion”, Int. Sym. On Earthq. Disaster Prevention, Mexico City, Mexico, Vol. I, 198-211, 1992.
〔4〕 Astaneh, A., “Preliminary report on the seismological and engineering aspects of the October 17, 1989 Santa Cruz (Loma Prieta) earthquake”, Report No. UCB/EERC-89/14, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California at Berkeley, California, U.S.A., 1989.
〔5〕 Beresnev, I. A., Wen, K. L. and Yeh, Y. T., “Nonlinear soil amplification: Its corroboration in Taiwan”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 85, 496-515, 1995a.
〔6〕 Beresnev, I. A., Wen, K. L. and Yeh, Y. T., “Seismological evidence for nonlinear plastic ground behavior during large earthquakes”, Soil. Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 14, 103-114, 1995b.
〔7〕 Bolt. B. A., “Earthquakes”, 218-219, 1993.
〔8〕 Boore, D. M., Seekins, L. and Joyner, W. B., “Peak acceleration from the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake”, Seism. Res. Lett., 60, 151-166, 1989.
〔9〕 Borcherdt, R. D., “Influence of local geology in the San Francisco Bay region, California, on ground motion generated by the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989”, Proc. Int. Symp. Safety and Urban Life and Facilities, Tokyo, Japan, 1990.
〔10〕 Chang, C. Y., Mok, C. M., Power, M. S., Tang, Y. K., Tang, H. T. and Stepp, J. C., “Equivalent linear versus nonlinear ground response analyses at Lotung seismic experiment site”, Proc. Of 4th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Palm Springs, California, 1, 327-336, 1990.
〔11〕 Chang, C. Y., Mok, C. M., Power, M. S., Tang, Y. K., Tang, H. T. and Stepp, J. C., “Development of shear modulus reduction curves based on Lotung downhole ground motion data”, Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthq. Eng. Soil Dyn., Paper No. 1.44, 111-118, 1991.
〔12〕 Chin, B. H. and Aki, K., “Simultaneous determination of source, path and recording site effects on strong ground motion during the Loma Prieta earthquake－a preliminary result on pervasive non-linear site effect”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 81, 1859-1884, 1991.
〔13〕 Chiu, H. C., Yeh, Y. T., Ni, S. D., Lee, L., Liu, W. H., Wen, G. F. and Liu, C. C., “A new strong-motion array in Taiwan: SMART-2”, TAO, 5, 463-475, 1994.
〔14〕 Darragh, R. B. and Shakal, A. F., “The site response of two rock and soil station pairs to strong and weak ground motion”, Proc. 4th Intl. Conf. Seismic Zonation, 3, 359-366, 1991a.
〔15〕 Darragh, R. B. and Shakal, A. F. “The site response of two rock and soil station pairs to strong and weak ground motion”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 81, 1885-1899, 1991b.
〔16〕 Development Bureau, Kobe City, Japan, “Report of the soil investigation and installment of strong motion accelerograph”, 1991.
〔17〕 Duncan, J. M. and Chang, C. Y., “Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils”, ASCE, J. of the Soil Mech. And Foundations Division, 96, SM5, 1629-1651, 1970.
〔18〕 Esteva, L., “Microzoning: models and reality”, Proc. 6th World Congr. Earthq. Eng., New Dehli, 1977
〔19〕 Field, E. H. and Jacob, K. H., “The theoretical response of sedimentary layers to ambient seismic noise”, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 2925-2928, 1993.
〔20〕 Finn, W. D. Liam, Lee, K. W. and Martin, G. R., “An effective stress model for liquefaction”, ASCE, J. of the Soil Mech. And Foundations Division, 103, GT6, 517-533, 1977.
〔21〕 Gutenberg, B., “Effects of ground on earthquake motion”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 47, 221-250, 1957.
〔22〕 Hardin, B. O. and Drnevich, V. P., “Shear modulus and damping in soil: design equations and curves”, J. Soil Mech. Foundations Div. ASCE, 12, 537-564, 1972.
〔23〕 Jarpe, S. P., Cramer, C. H., Tucker, B. E. and Shakal, A. F., “A comparison of observation of ground response to weak and strong ground motion at Coalinga, California”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 78, 421-435, 1988.
〔24〕 Jarpe, S. P., Jutchings, L. J., Hauk, T. F. and Shakal, A. F., “Selected strong- and weak-motion data from the Loma Prieta earthquake sequence”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 60, 167-176, 1989.
〔25〕 Lee, W. H. K., Wu, F. T. and Jacobsen, “A catalog of historical earthquake in China complied from recent Chinese publications”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 66, 2003-2016, 1976.
〔26〕 Lermo, J. and Chávez-García F. J., “Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 83, 1574-1594, 1993.
〔27〕 Mohammadioun, B. and Pecker, A., “Low- frequency transfer of seismic energy by superficial soil deposits and soft rocks”, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 12, 537-564, 1984.
〔28〕 Nakamura, Y., “A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface”, QR of RTR1, 30, 1, February, 1989.
〔29〕 Newmark, N. M., “Problems in wave propagation in soil and rock”, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wave Propagation and Dynamic Properties of Earth Materials, Albuquerque, NM, August 1967, 7-26, 1967.
〔30〕 Noguchi, S. and Sasatani, T., “Quantification of degree of nonlinear site response”, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 03-03-0049, 2008.
〔31〕 Rogers, A. M., Borcherdt, R. D., Covington, P. A. and Pekins, D. M., “A comparative ground response study near Los Angles using recordings of Nevada nuclear tests and the 1971 San Fernando earthquake”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 74, 1925-1949, 1984.
〔32〕 Rogers, A. M., Tinsley, J. C. and Borcherdt, R. D., “Predicting relative ground response. In: J.I. Ziony (Editor), Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles region”, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1360, 221-248, 1985.
〔33〕 Sato, K., Kokusho, T., Matsumoto, M. and Yamada, E., “Nonlinear seismic response and soil property during strong motion”, Special Issue of Soil and Foundations, Japan Geotech. Soc., 41-42, Jan 1996.
〔34〕 Satoh, T., Horike, M., Takeuchi, Y., Uetake, T. and Suzuki, H., “Nonlinear behavior of scoria soil sediments evaluated from borehole records in eastern Shizuoka prefecture, Japan”, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26, 781-795, 1997.
〔35〕 Satoh, T., Sato, T. and Kawase, H., “Nonlinear behavior of soil sediments identified by using borehole records observed at the Ashigara Valley, Japan”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 85, 1821-1834, 1995.
〔36〕 Seed, H. B., Murarka, R., Lysmer, J. and Idriss, I. M., “Relationships of maximum acceleration, maximum velocity, distance from source, and local site conditions for moderately strong earthquakes”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 66, 1323-1342, 1976.
〔37〕 Sokolov, V., Ovcharenko, A. V., Loh, C. H. and Wen, K. L., “Seismic hazard assessment for the Taiwan region on the basis of recent strong-motion data and prognostic zonation of future earthquakes”, Natural Hazards, 33, 3, 319-363, November 2004.
〔38〕 Steidl , J. H., Tumarkin, A. G. and Archleta, R. J., “What is a reference site?”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1733-1748, 1996.
〔39〕 Yu, G., Anderson, J. G. and Siddharthan, R., “On the characteristics of nonlinear soil response”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 83, 218-244, 1993.
〔40〕 Wald, D. J. and Allen, T. I., “Topographic slope as a proxy for seismic site conditions and amplification”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 97, 5, 1379-1395, 2007.
〔41〕 Wen, K. L., Beresnev, I. A. and Yeh, Y. T., “Nonlinear soil amplification inferred from downhole strong seismic motion data”, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2625-2628, 1994.
〔42〕 Wen, K. L., Beresnev, I. A. and Yeh, Y. T., “Investigation of non-linear site amplification at two downhole strong ground motion arrays in Taiwan”, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24, 313-324, 1995.
〔43〕 Wen, K. L., Peng, H. Y. and Tsai, Y. B., “Why 1 g was recorded at TCU129 site during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake?”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Chi-Chi Earthquake Special Issue, 2001.
〔44〕 Wen, K. L., Chang, T. M., Lin, C. M. and Chiang, H. J., “Identification of nonlinear site response using the H/V spectral ratio method”, Terr. Atmos. Ocean Sci. 17, 533-546, 2006.
〔45〕王信凱、黃慶東，地下管線耐震分析與設計，國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2005。
〔46〕亞新工程顧問公司，土壤液化評估與處理對策研擬，員林，2000。
〔47〕亞新工程顧問公司，南投、霧峰地區土壤液化調查研究，2000。
〔48〕何春蓀，台灣地質概論，台灣地質圖說明書，經濟部中央地質調查所，1986。
〔49〕吳偉特，台灣地區砂性土壤液化潛能之初步分析，土木水利，第六卷，第二期，1979。
〔50〕辛在勤，台灣地區強地動觀測計畫，台灣地區強地動觀測計畫研討會論文摘要，1-10，1993。
〔51〕李健平、蔡義本、秦葆珩，利用井下陣列強地動資料研究土壤非線性反應，國立中央大學碩士論文，1998。
〔52〕林炳森、謝基政，921 集集大地震南投市液化初步調查報告，行政院國家科學委員會，2000。
〔53〕林朝棨，台灣地形。台灣省通誌稿卷一，土地誌，地理篇，1957。
〔54〕徐明同，明清時代破壞性大地震規模及震度之評估，中央氣象局氣象學報，第29 卷，第4 期，1-18，1983。
〔55〕國家地震工程研究中心，921集集大地震大地工程震災調查報告，1999。
〔56〕郭俊翔、溫國樑、謝宏灝、林哲民、張道明，近地表剪力波速性質之研究，國家地震工程研究中心， NCREE-11-022 ，共 82 頁，2011。
〔57〕葉俊岑、溫國樑，利用單站頻譜比法探討集集地震造成之土壤非線性反應，國立中央大學碩士論文，2001。
〔58〕溫國樑，羅東地區之強地動特性，國立中央大學博士論文，1988。
〔59〕溫國樑、葉永田、劉忠智，羅東計畫之觀測系統及資料處理，中央研究院地球科學所報告ASIES-CR8602，1986。
〔60〕黃蕙珠、邱宏智，峽谷地形與層狀構造對地震動之效應，國立中央大學博士論文，1994。
〔61〕黃雋彥、溫國樑，利用微地動量測探討台灣地區之場址效應，國立中央大學碩士論文，2009。
〔62〕黃沛群、蔣偉寧、許文科，地下維生管線地震損害評估以虛擬管線為例，國立中央大學碩士論文，1992。
〔63〕經濟部中央地質調查所，台灣坡地社區工程地質調查與探勘報告，1984。
〔64〕經濟部中央地質調查所，921地震地質鑽探報告報告，1999。
〔65〕經濟部中央地質調查所，五十萬分之一台灣地質圖，2000。
〔66〕經濟部中央地質調查所，台灣活動斷層分布圖，2010。〔67〕褚炳麟、張益銘、陳冠閔、徐松圻、張瑞銘，921 地震霧峰、太平地區液化及下陷調查分析，地工技術77 期，19-28，2000。
〔68〕鄭斐文、溫國樑，利用甲仙地震研究台灣西南部場址特性，國立中央大學碩士論文，2011。
〔69〕寬益工程有限公司，國立台灣大學地質鑽探調查暨液化分析工程成果報告書，2000。
〔70〕鄧屬予，台灣的沉積岩。經濟部中央地質調查所，45-50，1997。
〔71〕鄭世楠、葉永田，西元1604 年至1988 年台灣地區地震目錄。中央研究院地球科學研究所，1989。
〔72〕鄭世楠、葉永田、溫國樑，由歷史地震探討台灣地區土壤液化的分布，中華民國第十一屆結構工程研討會暨第一屆地震工程研討會，2012。
〔73〕顏月珠，商用統計學，三民書局，1980。
〔74〕蘇鼎鈞、王天佑，大區域土壤液化評估與處理對策研究。港灣工程耐震安全評估哉與災害防治研討會論文集，4-1~4-24，2000。
〔75〕蘇鼎鈞、王劍虹，員林地區集集大地震土壤液化評估案例探討。地工技術，第81 期，57~68，2000。

指導教授

溫國樑(Kuo-Liang Wen)

審核日期

2012-8-23

推文