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姓名 李宣霈(Hsuan-Pei Lee) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 機械工程學系 論文名稱 以誤差參數修正方法改善太陽光追蹤器之追日精度 相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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摘要(中) 太陽光追蹤器因可透過轉動太陽能電池模組,使得面板朝向太陽,進而提高發電效率,故廣範用在太陽能發電之應用。追蹤器雖因不同追日方式而有不同形式的機構設計,但不論是何種形式,都仍存在有各種的機構加工、組裝以及機台現地安裝上的誤差。這些誤差對以太陽軌跡路徑為基礎,透過開迴路方向控制之被動式追蹤器影響最大。如果無法將這些誤差排除,則會使追日精度下降。特別是聚光形太陽能電池的可接受角度約在0.5∘左右,故在運轉時的最大追日偏差角亦必須控制能低於0.5∘。因此本研究之目的在對傾角-轉角形式的太陽光被動式追蹤器以光電位置感測器量測追日偏差角,從中找出機構固有的系統誤差,並將其納入追日控制程式中,以修正追蹤器追日運動。
本研究僅考慮傾角-轉角形式追蹤器的主要系統誤差,包括追蹤器指北誤差、主軸傾角誤差、傾角機構傳動初值誤差及光電位置感測器之原點誤差。為求得前述系統誤差,追蹤器光以無誤差修正的追日模式進行追蹤,將光電位置感測器所量到的一日內誤差數據以最小平方法進行曲線擬合,以得到各項誤差值。隨後再以所得到之誤差值修正追蹤器之追日運動,並再以位置感測器量測追日偏差。實驗結果顯示,修正後的追日偏差大約在0.2∘,小於修正前的最大誤差1.2∘。因此通辭研究之方法可以有效改善應用聚光形太陽能電池追蹤器之追日精度。摘要(英) Because the solar tracker can control the direction of solar cell modules to the sun for increasing the power generating efficiency, it is widely applied in solar power generation. Although there are various types of trackers due to different tracking methods, various errors of solar trackers, including manufacturing errors, assemble errors and installation errors, can not be ignored. These errors affect strongly the solar trackers with passive control system. If these errors can not be eliminated, the tracking accuracy will decrease. Especially the acceptance angle of concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) cells is about 0.5°, so that the tracking error of trackers must be less than 0.5°. The goal of this research is to identify the system errors of the passive controlled tracker in tilt-roll type by using a position sensitive detector (PSD) measure the tracking angular error. And afterwards, the tracking algorithm can be modified with such errors so as to increase the tracking accuracy.
Only the system errors of the tilt-roll tracker, including both the aligning error to north meridian and the tilting error of the main axis, initial position error for tilting mechanism and original position error of PSD, are considered in the thesis. In order to identify these errors, the tracking errors are measured by using a PSD. The results of the conducted experiment show that tracking error of the compensated algorithm is about 0.2°, less than 1.2° by tracking without compensation. It indicates that the compensation method proposed in the thesis can improve the tracking accuracy of concentrated photovoltaic trackers.關鍵字(中) ★ 高聚光形太陽能電池
★ 傾角-轉角追蹤器
★ 開迴路
★ 追日精度關鍵字(英) 論文目次 Abstract .......................................................... ii
謝誌 ............................................................. iii
目錄 .............................................................. iv
圖目錄 ............................................................ vi
表目錄 ............................................................. x
符號說明 .......................................................... xi
第1 章 前言 .................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景 ................................................ 1
1.2 文獻回顧 ................................................ 2
1.3 研究目的 ................................................ 4
1.4 論文架構 ................................................ 5
第2 章 追日關係建立與模擬 ...................................... 7
2.1 無誤差之追日模型 ........................................ 7
2.1.1 太陽光位置 ........................................... 7
2.1.2 太陽光追蹤器面板位置 ................................ 11
2.1.3 無誤差追日演算法 .................................... 12
2.1.4 均時差所產生的誤差與修正 ............................ 13
2.2 指向誤差模型 ........................................... 15
2.2.1 誤差定義 ............................................ 15
2.2.2 具組裝誤差之追日演算法 .............................. 17
2.3 組裝誤差對追日精度影響分析 ............................. 18
第3 章 指向誤差修正方法 ....................................... 22
3.1 組裝誤差修正模型 ....................................... 22
3.1.1 指向誤差數據取得與處理 .............................. 22
3.1.2 由指向誤差判別其他誤差 .............................. 26
3.1.3 指向誤差修正 ........................................ 29
3.2 指向誤差俢正流程 ....................................... 31
第4 章 實驗驗證與分析 ......................................... 33
4.1 實驗架構 ............................................... 33
4.1.1 傾角-轉角追日機構 ................................... 33
4.1.2 零點定位裝置 ........................................ 37
4.2 太陽光追蹤器校正 ....................................... 41
4.2.1 主軸四連桿機構校正 .................................. 42
4.2.2 傾角四連桿機構校正 .................................. 47
4.2.3 零點定位裝置校正 .................................... 48
4.3 實驗規劃 ............................................... 51
4.4 實驗結果 ............................................... 54
4.4.1 無修正運轉量測結果與分析 ............................ 54
4.4.2 修正後運轉量測結果與分析 ............................ 59
第5 章 結論與未來展望 ......................................... 65
5.1 結論 ................................................... 65
5.2 未來改進方向 ........................................... 65
參考文獻 .......................................................... 67參考文獻 1 Green, M. A. 原著 曹昌陽、狄大衛、李透文 譯,太陽電池工作原理、技術與應用,五南圖書出版社,台北,2009
2 Green, M. A., Emery, K., Hishikawa, Y., and Warta, W., “Solar Cell Efficiency Tables”, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 18: 144-150, 2010
3 蔡錫錚、陳柏伶、郭仁傑、楊璨朴、吳俊諆,「低剖面太陽光追蹤器之組裝誤差對追日精度影響分析」,中國機械工程學會第二十六屆全國學術研討會論文集,台灣、台南,2009
4 Luque, A. L., Sala G., “Photovoltacic Concentration at the Onset of Its Commercial Deployment”, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 14: 413-428, 2006
5 Maish, A. B., “Performance of a Self-aligning Solar Array Tracking Controller”, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 21-25, 1990
6 Romero, M., Buck, R., and Pacheco, J. E., “An update on Solar Central Receiver Systems, Projects, and Technologies”, Tran. American Society of Mechanical Engineers: Solar Energy Engineering. 124, 98-108, 2002
7 US4215410, Soar Tracker, Jun. 29. 1980
8 Al-Naima, F. M. and Yaghobian, N. A., “Design and Construction of a Solar Tracking System”, Solar & Wind Technology Vol.7, No. 5, P. 611-617, 1990
9 Abdallah, S., and Nijmeh, S., “Two Axes Sun Tracking System with PLC Control”, Energy Conversion and Management, 45:1931-1939, 2004
10 Rubio, F. R., Ortega, M. G., Gordillo, F., et al., “Application of New Control Strategy for Sun Tracking”, Energy Conversion and Management, 48(7): 2174-2184, 2007
11 翁永全,「高聚光太陽能專輯」經濟日報,12月17號,2009
12 Mohr, A., Roth T., and Glunz, S. W., “BICON: High Concentration PV Using One-axis Tracking and Silicon Concentrator Cells”, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 14:663-674, 2006
13 Meeus, J. Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Willmann-Bell Inc., USA, 1997
14 Luque-Heredia, I., Moreno, J.M., et al. Concentrator Photovoltaics, Springer, DE, 2007
15 Press W. H., Teukolsky S. A., et al. Numerical Recipe in C, Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, USA, 1988指導教授 蔡錫錚(Shyi-Jeng Tsai) 審核日期 2013-3-25 推文 plurk
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