具多區塊儲位理貨區之越庫作業區域的播種式揀貨問題

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張家諺(Chia-yen Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

具多區塊儲位理貨區之越庫作業區域的播種式揀貨問題

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摘要(中)

隨著世界各國的經濟變得全球化及自由化，以及網路科技的快速發展，再加上顧客服務水準的提高與供應鏈觀念的興起等因素，傳統的物流方式已不能達成需求快速回應。因此，取而代之的是物流中心（Distribution Center；D.C.），產品供應商只需將其產品送至物流中心，物流中心再將產品配送至各個零售商，捨去了傳統物流多層級的通路轉運，快速地反應市場需求，使得物流中心在整條供應鏈上扮演了很重要的角色。
本研究運用越庫作業為物流中心的一種策略，其強調供應商將品項送至物流中心後，品項會立即指派到暫存區的位置上，揀貨人員會根據訂單出貨順序進行處理，完成好的訂單會被放置理貨區，最後送至出貨碼頭進行出貨。而先前有研究指出物流中心的揀貨作業，其揀貨時間和成本對整個物流中心有重要的影響力，加上具越庫作業策略的物流中心與傳統物流中心具有差異性。因此，本研究欲探討越庫作業中的揀貨問題。
本研究針對使用越庫作業之物流中心環境下，考慮理貨區為多區塊儲位佈置，理貨區與暫存區之間的播種式揀貨問題作探討，分別提出播種品項優先選取法則、理貨區之訂單儲位指派法則以及揀貨路徑規劃，並且藉由模擬的方式得到數據，探討在此環境下所產生的總系統執行時間、總揀貨時間與距離。最後，以總系統執行時間與總揀貨時間為績效指標下最佳因子組合為MSD，搭配NTAS與CLG，而以總行走距離為績效指標下最佳因子組合為MOD，搭配NTAS與CLG。

摘要(英)

With the globalization and liberalization of each country’s economy in the world, rapid development of Internet and technology, the raise of customer service level and supply chain concept, the mode of traditional distribution already can’t accomplish demand response rapidly. Therefore, distribution center replaces the mode of traditional distribution. Suppliers’ goods only need to be transported to distribution center, and it will make these goods delivery to each retailers. It removes multi-level channel transshipment and responds market demand rapidly, so that it plays an important role in the supply chain.
This study is used cross-docking as a strategy in the distribution center. It emphasizes that the supplier’s items are assigned to locations of temporary area after the supplier’s items are transported to the distribution center. Pickers who are in the distribution center make operation according to the sequence of order shipment. Finally, fulfill orders are transported to the shipping dock waiting for shipping. Previous studies have pointed out that picking time and cost in order picking operations have an important influence in the distribution center, and the distribution center which uses cross-docking strategy is different to the traditional distribution center. Hence, order picking problem in cross-docking is investigated in this study.
We investigate put-to-light picking problem between tally area and temporary storage area under tally area is multi-block storage locations layout. We propose ‘the selection rule of items in temporary storage area,’ ‘the assignment rule of order storage locations in tally area,’ and ‘picking route planning.’ Our data obtained by the simulation way, and we investigate the total system time to complete the picking operation（TST）, total picking time （TPT）and travel distance（TD） in our study environment. Finally, under the performance index of TST and TPT, the best combination is MSD×NTAS×CLG. Under the performance index of TD, the best combination is MOD×NTAS×CLG.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ 越庫作業
★ 播種式揀貨
★ 揀貨路徑規劃

關鍵字(英)

★ Distribution Center
★ Cross Docking
★ Put-to-light
★ Picking Route Planning

論文目次

目錄
目錄 I
圖目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 研究環境 3
1.5 研究方法說明 4
1.6 論文架構 5
第二章文獻探討 8
2.1 物流 8
2.1.1 物流的定義 9
2.1.2 物流的領域 10
2.1.3 物流中心 11
2.2 倉儲管理 13
2.2.1 設施規劃 14
2.2.2 倉儲走道設計 16
2.2.3 產品儲位指派 17
2.3 越庫作業 19
2.3.1 Cross-Docking相關文獻 20
2.4 揀貨作業 24
2.4.1 揀貨作業介紹 25
2.4.2 揀貨方式 26
2.4.3 分區揀貨 28
2.4.3.1 同步分區揀貨 29
2.4.3.2 順序式分區揀貨 29
2.4.4 訂單揀取類型 30
2.4.5 播種式揀貨系統 31
2.4.6 揀貨路徑策略 32
第三章研究方法 36
3.1 方法架構 36
3.2 越庫作業之系統流程說明 37
3.2.1 越庫作業之進貨作業流程 37
3.2.2 越庫作業之播種式揀貨作業流程 39
3.3 暫存區品項位置指派法則 41
3.3.1 離進貨月台最近 41
3.4 播種品項優先選取法則 43
3.4.1 隨機選取 43
3.4.2 可滿足訂單數最多 44
3.4.3 可滿足最早出貨訂單數最多 45
3.4.4 可滿足最早出貨訂單比例最多 46
3.4.5 總旅行距離最短 47
3.4.6 先「可滿足訂單數最多」，再「總旅行距離最短」 51
3.4.7 先「可滿足最早出貨訂單數最多」，再「總旅行距離最短」 52
3.4.8 先「可滿足最早出貨訂單比例最多」，再「總旅行距離最短」 53
3.4.9 最大簡單型出貨訂單緊急值總和 54
3.4.10 最大指數型出貨訂單緊急值總和 56
3.5 理貨區之訂單儲位指派法則 57
3.5.1 靠近出貨月台由中間直向依序指派 57
3.5.2 靠近出貨月台由中間且沿走道兩側依序指派 60
3.5.3 靠近暫存區由中間直向依序指派 62
3.5.4 靠近暫存區由中間且沿走道兩側依序指派 64
3.6 揀貨路徑規劃 66
3.6.1 個別最大間隙策略 67
3.6.2 合併最大間隙策略 69
第四章實驗結果與分析 71
4.1 實驗設計 71
4.1.1 實驗環境 71
4.1.2 問題說明 73
4.1.3 實驗目的 74
4.1.4 模擬實驗因子 74
4.1.5 實驗績效評估指標 76
4.2 統計分析說明 77
4.2.1 依「總系統執行時間（TST）」為績效評估值 78
4.2.1.1 主要效果項分析（總系統執行時間） 78
4.2.1.2 兩因子分析 82
4.2.1.3 最佳因子組合分析 86
4.2.2 依「總行走距離（TD）」為績效評估值 88
4.2.2.1 主要效果項分析（總行走距離） 88
4.2.2.2 兩因子分析 92
4.2.2.3 最佳因子組合分析 95
4.2.3 依「總揀貨時間（TPT）」為績效評估值 97
4.2.3.1 主要效果項分析（總揀貨時間） 97
4.2.3.2 兩因子分析 100
4.2.3.3 最佳因子組合分析 104
4.3 實驗結論 106
第五章結論與後續研究建議 108
5.1 研究結論 108
5.2 未來研究建議 111
參考文獻 112
中文文獻 112
英文文獻 114

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-chin Ho)

審核日期

2013-7-24

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