界面活性劑整治戴奧辛污染土壤之可行性研究

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吳婉怡(Wan-Yi Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

界面活性劑整治戴奧辛污染土壤之可行性研究
(Feasibility study of using surfactants in dioxin-contaminated soil remediation)

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摘要(中)

界面活性劑具有極性之親水基以及非極性疏水基的兩性分子結構，其溶於水中形成特殊之微胞(micelle)特性，可增加疏水性有機污染物於水相中的溶解度並影響污染物之移動速率。本研究選用3種不同種類(陰離子性SDBS、陽離子性CPC及非離子性Triton X-100 )和2種不同濃度(臨界微胞濃度及高於臨界微胞濃度)之界面活性劑，進行戴奧辛污染土壤之清洗實驗，探討界面活性劑溶液是否具有移除土壤中戴奧辛之能力，並以添加植物油製備之乳化液，進行戴奧辛移除促進效率之評估。
研究結果顯示，界面活性劑隨濃度的增加，確使戴奧辛不論是在整體移除率或是其17種同源物之移除率，均有相對增加之趨勢；而添加植物油於3種界面活性劑製備之乳化液進行土壤清洗，則又較單純界面活性劑溶液清洗有更明顯的移除效果。整體而言，戴奧辛移除率之大小依序為：添加植物油之乳化液(60〜73%)>高於臨界微胞濃度(33〜67 %)>臨界微胞濃度(23〜46%)；其中陽離子性界面活性劑CPC不論是在臨界微胞濃度或是高於臨界微胞濃度，因與帶負電性之土壤形成吸附性微胞，故無顯著之移除效率；但若添加植物油形成乳化液清洗後，則對戴奧辛移除率可大幅增加達40%，於3種界面活性劑中最具明顯差異，顯示植物油的添加可增加溶液相之乳化效應，並減少界面活性劑被土壤吸附，致使戴奧辛較易被移除。

摘要(英)

Surfactants have amphiphilic molecular structures with polar hydrophilic portion and non-polar hydrophobic portion. In aqueous solution surfactants will form micelles which enhance the solubility of hydrophobic organic pollutants and affect their mobility. In this study, three different kinds of surfactants（anionic SDBS, cationic CPC and nonionic Triton X-100）with two different concentrations（critical micelle concentration CMC, and above CMC）are selected to conduct the experiment of removal of dioxins from contaminated soil. This research was primarily focus on the capability of surfactants as well as emulsifiers prepared from plant oil to remove dioxins from soil.
Research results indicated that the removal rate of dioxins as a whole or their 17 different isomers was increased with increasing concentration of surfactants. Furthermore, the addition of plant oils to the three different surfactant solutions resulted in better removal rate of dioxins in soil washing process. In general, the removal rate of dioxins is in the following order: addition of plant oil emulsifiers ( 60-73％) ＞ above CMC ( 33-67％) ＞ CMC (23-46％). Cationic CPC, either at CMC or above CMC, exhibited no significant removal efficiency due to the formed admicells with electron negativity bearing of soil. The removal rate of dioxins could be significantly increased up to 40％ by adding plant oil emulsifiers to the three different surfactants. This results indicated that the addition of plant oil could increase emulsifying effect of solutions and reduce the adsorption of surfactants by soil, and thereby resulted in easier removal of dioxins.

關鍵字(中)

★ 界面活性劑
★ 植物油
★ 戴奧辛
★ 微胞
★ 土壤整治

關鍵字(英)

★ Surfactant
★ Plant Oil
★ Dioxin
★ Micelle
★ Soil Remediation

論文目次

目次頁次
目錄……………………………………………………………………………............. I
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………............. V
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………............. VI

第一章前言……………………………………………………………....................... 1

1-1 研究緣起………………………………………………………………… 1
1-2 研究目的……………………………………………………………….... 2
第二章文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………... 3

2-1 戴奧辛類化合物…………………………………….………………....... 3
2-1-1 戴奧辛物化及毒理特性…………………….…………………. 3
2-1-2 戴奧辛在土壤中之傳輸與流布……………………………...... 6
2-1-3 戴奧辛於國內外之管制現況…………………………….......... 7
2-2 土壤污染整治復育…………………………………………………….... 14
2-2-1 土壤污染整治技術…………………………………………….. 14
2-2-2 戴奧辛污染土壤整治技術…………………………………….. 17
2-2-3 土壤清洗法於土壤污染之整治應用………………………….. 18
2-3 界面活性劑之特性及應用……………………………………………… 18
2-3-1 界面活性劑之定義…………………………………………….. 18
2-3-2 界面活性劑之分類…………………………………………….. 19
2-3-3 界面活性劑之特性…………………………………………….. 20
2-3-4 界面活性劑於土壤整治之應用……………………………….. 21
2-4 微乳液之形成及應用………………………………………………….. 23
2-4-1 微乳液之結構及特性………………………………………….. 23
2-4-2 微乳液微胞作用於土壤流布之影響………………………….. 24
2-4-3 微乳液於土壤整治之應用…………………………………….. 24
第三章研究方法…………………………………………………………………….. 26

3-1 研究流程………………………….……..…………………….………... 26
3-2 實驗設備……………………………………………………….……….. 28
3-3 實驗材料…………………………………………………….………….. 29
3-3-1 戴奧辛污染土壤樣品……………………………….…………. 29
3-3-2 界面活性劑……………………………………….……………. 29
3-3-3 植物油………………………………………….………………. 29
3-3-4 實驗藥品……………………………………….………………. 30
3-3-5 試劑及器材…………………………………….………………. 30
3-4 採樣地點及方法…………………………………….………………….. 31
3-4-1 中石化安順廠簡介………………………….…………………. 31
3-4-2 採樣佈點規劃……………………………….…………………. 32
3-4-3 採樣方法…………………………………….…………………. 34
3-5 樣品預處理………………………………………….…………………. 34
3-6 操作參數設計……………………………………….…………………. 34
3-7 土壤基本性質分析………………………………….…………………. 34
3-8 實驗步驟………………………………….……………………………. 35
3-8-1 土液比設定…………………………………………………….. 35
3-8-2 界面活性劑對戴奧辛移除效率測試………………………….. 36
3-8-3 添加植物油對戴奧辛移除效率測試………………………….. 36
3-9 分析及檢測方法……………………………………………………….. 37
第四章結果與討論………………………………………………………………....... 40

4-1 土壤樣品之性質………………………................................................... 40
4-2 操作條件最佳化…………………………………………....................... 43
4-2-1 操作參數設定……………………………..…………………… 43
4-2-2 土壤與清洗液比例設定…………………………….................. 45
4-3 界面活性劑濃度對戴奧辛移除效率之影響…….....................……...... 49
4-3-1 臨界微胞濃度移除效率比較………………………………….. 49
4-3-2 臨界微胞濃度對戴奧辛同源物移除效率比較……………….. 52
4-3-3 高於臨界微胞濃度移除效率比較…………………………….. 58
4-3-4 高於臨界微胞濃度對戴奧辛同源物移除效率比較………….. 59
4-3-5 等於及高於臨界微胞濃度移除效率比較…………………….. 65
4-4 添加植物油對戴奧辛移除效率之影響………………………………... 69
4-4-1 不同種類乳化液移除效率比較……………………………... .. 69
4-4-2 乳化液對戴奧辛同源物移除效率比較……………………….. 71
4-4-3 乳化液與界面活性劑移除效率比較………………………….. 76
第五章結論與建議.………………………………………………………………...... 80

5-1 結論……………………………………………………………………... 80
5-2 建議……………………………………………………………………... 82

參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………… 83

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中石化安順廠整治場址， http://cpdc.recyclesources.com/about/map.htm，臺南市政府環保局。

指導教授

李俊福(Jiunn-Fwu Lee)

審核日期

2013-7-29

推文