以動態離心模型試驗模擬不同型式基礎建築物於液化地盤之受震反應

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姓名

楊子霈(Tzu-Pei Yang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

以動態離心模型試驗模擬不同型式基礎建築物於液化地盤之受震反應
(Centrifuge modeling on seismic responses of building with different foundations in liquefiable ground)

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摘要(中)

本研究設計兩組重量相同但高度分別為一層樓高(3m)及五層樓高(15m)之建築物模型，並搭配五種不同型式基礎，包括獨立基腳基礎、筏式基礎、地下室基礎、摩擦樁基礎與點承樁基礎，於50g離心重力場下進行模型受震試驗，於試體內部不同深度分別安裝加速度計、孔隙水壓計、土壓力計、線性差動變壓器(LVDT)、雷射位移計以及樁身應變計，藉以觀察受振液化時地盤與建築物之動態反應。
研究結果顯示：(1)土壤未液化時，地盤加速度有放大效應，隨建築物越高加速度放大效應越明顯；但當土壤達到液化狀態後，液化層能有效隔絕振波的傳遞，對建築物有明顯的減震效應；(2)施加的振動越大，液化土層的深度越深，超額孔隙水壓消散時間較長，液化持續時間也較久；(3)使用地下室基礎以及點承樁基礎之建築物因基礎埋置深度較深，有較佳的力學機制，受振時建築物搖晃行為較小，振後建築物之變形較小；(4)五層樓高建築物使用獨立基腳基礎、筏式基礎與摩擦樁基礎之抗液化能力較差，而地下室基礎與點承樁基礎之抗液化能力較佳。

摘要(英)

A series of centrifuge shaking tble tests were performed to investigate the settlement and seismic behavior of building on liquefiable ground with different types of foundation. Tested models are divided into two groups according to the height of structure but with the same weight. For all the models, the accelerometers, the pore water pressure transducers, the linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) and the earth pressure cells were installed to observe the seismic response of the ground and building during and after soil liquefaction. Several srain gages were also attached on the pile foundation to measure the bending moment and axil force.
According to the test results, the following conclusions are made: (1) when the soil does not liquefy, the accelarion is amplified significantly from the base of soil stratum to the top of structure. On the other hand, the liquefied soil layer obstructs the shear wave propagation leading to the decrease of rocking behavior of building. (2) The larger input base acceleration would result in longer dispation time of excess pore water pressure and the larger settlement of building. (3) The rocking behavior of five-story building is significant than that of one-story building when thay have the same weight. (4) The larger embedment depth of foundation leads to the smaller settlement and restrain the rocking behavior of structure during shaking.

關鍵字(中)

★ 淺基礎
★ 地下室基礎
★ 土壤液化
★ 加速度放大效應
★ 超額孔隙水壓
★ 地工離心機

關鍵字(英)

★ shallow foundation
★ base footing
★ soil liquefaction
★ centrifuge shaking table test

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 研究方法 2
1-3 論文架構 3
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1 土壤液化 4
2-2 離心模型原理 5
2-2-1 離心模型之基本相似律 5
2-2-2動態離心模型之基本相似律 6
2-3 試驗用孔隙流體 8
2-4 液化地盤建築物受震相關研究 9
2-4-1 土層密度與滲透性對液化地盤沉陷之影響 9
2-4-2 側向循環加載試驗與振動台試驗 10
第三章試驗方法與試驗設備 25
3-1 試驗方法 25
3-2 試驗土樣及基本性質 25
3-3 儀器設備與相關設備 26
3-3-1 地工離心機 26
3-3-2 中大離心振動台與資料擷取系統 26
3-3-3 積層版試驗箱 27
3-3-4 建築物模型 27
3-3-5 各式量測工具 28
3-3-6 移動式霣降機 30
3-4 試驗準備步驟與流程 31
3-4-1 前置作業 31
3-4-2 重模試體製作 31
3-4-3 土壤試體飽和 32
3-4-4 離心機繞行前準備與振動試驗 33
第四章試驗結果與分析 56
4-1 試驗規劃 56
4-2 試驗內容 57
4-3 升g過程變化 60
4-4 加速度歷時比較 61
4-4-1 一層樓高建築物之加速度歷時 61
4-4-2 五層樓高建築物之加速度歷時 63
4-4-3 建築物高度與土層深度對加速度歷時的影響 65
4-4-3-1 土壤未液化前之加速度放大反應 66
4-4-3-2 土壤液化後之加速度放大反應 67
4-4-4 土層的初始剪力波速與主頻計算 67
4-4-5 建築物與土層的頻率特性 68
4-4-6 加速度歷時小結 69
4-5超額孔隙水壓歷時比較 70
4-5-1 輸入不同震動強度時之超額孔隙水壓歷時 70
4-5-2 不同樓層高度與基礎建築物之超額孔隙水壓歷時 71
4-5-3 土層之超額孔隙水壓比歷時 73
4-5-4 建築物下方土層之超額孔隙水壓比歷時 74
4-6建築物與自由土層沉陷量比較 76
4-6-1一層樓高建築物之沉陷歷時 77
4-6-2五層樓高建築物之沉陷歷時 78
4-6-3 各試驗沉陷量整理 80
4-6-4振時與振後沉陷量 82
4-6-5土層沉陷造成相對密度與體積應變的變化 82
4-6-6建築物受振時之旋轉行為 83
4-7積層版試驗箱之側向位移歷時 83
4-8建築物下方總壓力歷時 84
4-9 樁基礎受振時的彎矩與軸力變化 87
4-9-1樁身彎矩歷時 87
4-9-2樁身軸向力歷時 88
4-9-2-1升g過程中所產生之負摩擦力 88
4-9-2-2受振時樁身軸力變化情形 89
第五章結論與建議 206
5-1 結論 206
5-2 建議 208
參考文獻 209

參考文獻

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指導教授

黃俊鴻、李崇正
(Jin-Hung Hwang、Chung-Jung Lee)

審核日期

2013-8-8

推文