多陽極光電倍增管閃爍相機之訊號讀出系統與高效最大可能性位置估算演算法開發

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：29

、訪客IP：3.144.2.29

姓名

李育霖(Yu-lin Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

多陽極光電倍增管閃爍相機之訊號讀出系統與高效最大可能性位置估算演算法開發
(Development of Compact Readout Electronics and Efficient Maximum Likelihood Position Estimator for a Multi-Anode-PMT Scintillation Camera)

相關論文

★ 以GATE模型及系統矩陣演算法重建SPECT螺旋影像	★ LED檯燈視覺舒適度研究
★ 表面電漿共振系統之相位擷取與分析	★ 人眼眼球模型與視覺表現之模擬分析研究
★ 白光LED之視覺生理效應評估	★ 不同色溫螢光燈用於辦公室照明之視覺效應研究
★ 表面電漿共振儀之動態相位偵測技術與微量生物分子檢測應用	★ 二次通過成像架構量測人眼的光學系統品質
★ 週期性奈米金屬結構對拉曼散射訊號增強之研究	★ 日眩光要因分析研究
★ 非球面檢測之迭代相移干涉與子孔徑相位接合演算法開發	★ 應用可容忍隨機位移之相移干涉術於相位式表面電漿共振系統之穩定度增進
★ 以偵測任務及系統效能評估找尋多針孔微單光子放射電腦斷層掃描系統之最佳化配置	★ 結合表面電漿共振及溫度控制於免疫球蛋白鍵結之檢測分析
★ 以二次通過成像量測架構及降低誤差迭代演算法重建人眼之點擴散函數	★ 小動物針孔單光子放射電腦斷層掃描系統之系統校正與配置最佳化

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本研究中，我們提出一應用在微型單光子電腦斷層掃描系統之閃爍晶石式伽瑪相機，此相機由NaI(Tl)閃爍晶石、多陽極光電倍增管讀出電路加上最大可能性位置估算法組成。
讀出電路部分包括陽極通道縮減電路、訊號處理電路和資料擷取系統輸出16通道的數位訊號給電腦做後續處理。此外，最大可能性位置估算法由多變數常態分佈模型建立，且利用截尾重心法加上局域方向導引式尋找法(T-COG+LDS)快速而準確的估算每筆伽瑪射線發生位置。在平均響應函數實驗中，我們使用TTL雷射模組並將雷射擴束成直徑18mm圓形光束去模擬伽瑪射線經過NaI(Tl)閃爍晶石後的光源分佈。
實驗結果T-COG+LDS方法比窮舉尋找法計算速度快了近150倍，並保有相同位置估算準確率，最後利用機率矩陣重新分配計數值使相機整體均勻度從99.8%下降至49.1%。

摘要(英)

In this study, a scintillation gamma camera applied to micro-SPECT is constructed. The camera is composed of a NaI(Tl) scintillator, compact readout electronics for a multi-anode PMT and a maximum-likelihood position estimator (ML-PE).
The readout electronics is consisted of the anodes channel reduction circuits, the signal processing circuits and a multi-channel DAQ system to output 16 channel digital signals to computer. Moreover, the MLPE is developed with the multivariate normal model and the truncated center-of-gravity combined with local directed search (T-COG+LDS) method to estimate the gamma-ray event position rapidly and accurately.
In the MDRF (mean detector response function) experiment, we used a TTL controlled laser with an expended beam of 18 mm diameter to mimic the light distribution at the PMT entrance face after a gamma ray hits the NaI(Tl) scintillator.
The experimental results showed that the T-COG+LDS method was faster than the exhaustive search by 150 times and maintained the same position estimation accuracy. Finally, we used the probability matrices to reassign counts and in consequence improved the camera integral uniformity from 99.8% down to 49.1%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 對稱分流電路
★ 平均偵測器響應函數
★ 多變數常態分佈模型
★ 截尾重心法
★ 局域方向導引式尋找法

關鍵字(英)

★ SCD
★ MDRF
★ Multivariate Normal Model
★ T-COG
★ LDS

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 xii
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.4 論文架構 5
第二章醫學影像的系統基本理論 6
2.1 核子醫學影像介紹 6
2.1.1 正子放射電腦斷層掃描攝影 6
2.1.2 微型單光子放射電腦斷層掃描攝影 9
2.2 伽瑪射線偵測器 10
2.2.1 半導體與閃爍晶石偵測器 11
2.2.2 光電倍增管物理 13
2.2.3 準直儀 15
2.2.4 位置估算方法 16
第三章多陽極光電倍增管讀出電路設計與製作 19
3.1 通道縮減電路 19
3.1.1 安格邏輯電路 (Anger Logic Circuit) 19
3.1.2複合式電路 (Hybrid Circuit) 20
3.1.3離散位置電路 (Discretized Positioning Circuit) 21
3.1.4 對稱分流電路 (Symmetric Charge Division Circuit) 23
3.2 訊號處理電路 24
3.2.1 放大器元件選用與特性探討 24
3.2.2前置放大器 29
3.2.3 塑型電路(Shaping Circuit) 35
3.2.4 二階低通濾波器 39
3.3 電路板製作 45
第四章位置估算方法與結果分析 49
4.1偵測器平均響應函數(Mean Detector Response Function, MDRF) 49
4.1.1 實驗架構 49
4.1.2 儀控程式 57
4.1.3 MDRF計算處理 59
4.2 伽瑪射線位置估算 60
4.2.1 位置估算方法 60
4.2.2位置估算結果 67
4.2.3 Flood Image 80
4.2.4 閃爍晶石背景輻射 94
第五章結論與未來展望 97
參考文獻 99

參考文獻

[1] S. R. Cherry and S. S. Gambhir, “Use of positron emission tomography in animal research,” ILAR Journal, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 219-232, 2001.
[2] P. D. Acton and H. F. Kung, “Small animal imaging with high resolution single photon emission tomography,” Nucl. Med. Biol., vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 889-895, 2003.
[3] B. M. W. Tsui, Y. C. Wang, B. C. Yoder and E. C. Frey, “MICRO- SPECT,” Bio. Imag. IEEE symp. pp. 373-376, 2002.
[4] Available:
http://www.et-enterprises.com/files/file/Company-Profile-2011.pdf
[5] H. Li, W. H. Wong, N. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Uribe, H. Baghaei and S. Yokoyama, “Electronics for a prototype variable field of view PET camera using the PMT-quadrant-sharing detector array,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol.46, no.3, pp. 546-550, 1999.
[6] W. H. Wong, J. Uribe, K. Hicks, M. Zambelli, and G. Hu, “A 2-dimensional detector decoding study on BGO array with quadrant-sharing photomultipliers,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1453-1457, 1994.
[7] R.Wojcik, S. Majewski, D. Steinbach and A.G. Weisenberger, “High spatial resolution gamma imaging detector based on 5” diameter R3292 hamamatsu PSPMT,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 45, no.3, pp. 487-491, 1998.
[8] C. Trotta, R. Massari, G. Trinci, N. Palermo, S. Boccalini, F. Scopinaro, and A. Soluri, “High-resolution imaging system (HiRIS) based on H9500 PSPMT,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., vol. 593, no.3, pp. 454-458, 2008.
[9] R. Wojcik, S. Majewski, B. Kross, V. Popov, and A. G. Weisenberger, “Optimized readout of small gamma cameras for high resolution single gamma and positron emission imaging,” IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Rec. vol. 3, pp. 1821-1825, 2001.
[10] E. D’Abramo, F. de Notaristefani, V. Orsolini Cencelli, “Multichan-nel readout electronics for flat panel PSPMT,” IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Rec., vol. 5, pp. 3072-3075, 2006.
[11] A. Fabbri, F. de Notaristefani, V. O. Cencelli, F. Petulla’, E. DAbramo, R. Pani, G. Moschini, F. Navarria, “FPGA based readout electronics for multi anode PSPMT,” IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Rec. (NSS/MIC), pp. 357-359, 2009.
[12] K. Ueno, K. Hattori, C. Ida, S. Iwaki, S. Kabuki, H. Kubo, S. Kurosawa, K. Miuchi, T. Nagayoshi, H. Nishimura, R. Orito, A. Takada, and T. Tanimori, “Performance of the gamma-ray camera based on GSO (Ce) scintillator array and PSPMT with the ASIC readout system,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., vol. 591, no.1, pp. 268-271, 2008.
[13] V. Popov, S. Majewski, and A. G. Weisenberger, “Readout electronics for multianode photomultiplier tubes with pad matrix anode layout,” IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Rec., vol. 3, pp. 2156-2159, 2003.
[14] 趙翠蘭、漆玉金、施亮、金慶、代秋聲，“多陽極位置靈敏光電
倍增管位置讀出電路的設計實現”，原子核物理評論，vol. 27，no.1，2010.
[15] V. Popov, S. Majewski, A. G. Weisenberger, and R. Wojcik, “Analog readout system with charge division type output,” IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Rec., vol. 4, pp. 1937-1940, 2001.
[16] Y. H. Chung, Y. Choi, T. Y. Song, J. H. Jung, G. Cho, Y. S. Choe, K. H. Lee, S. E. Kim, and B. T. Kim, “Evaluation of maximum-likelihood position estimation with Poisson and Gaussian noise models in a small gamma camera,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 101-104, 2004.
[17] Y. C. Chen, System Calibration and Image Reconstruction for a New Small-Animal SPECT System, PhD dissertation, University of Arizona, 2006.
[18] Available:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PET-schema.png
[19] Available: http://faculty.stust.edu.tw/~liusir/Ch06/06-02-ElectroMagnetic.htm
[20] W. C.J. Hunter, Modeling Stochastic Processes in Gamma-Ray Imaging Detectors and Evaluation of a Multi-Anode PMT Scintillation Camera for Use with Maximum-Likelihood Estimation Methods, PhD dissertation, University of Arizona, 2007.
[21] Available:
http://nsspi.tamu.edu/nsep/courses/basic-radiation-detection/semiconductor-detectors/introduction/introduction
[22] J.B. Birks, The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting, Macmillan, New York, NY, 1964.
[23] Available:
http://www.hamamatsu.com/us/en/product/category/3100/3002/H8500C/index.html
[24] H. H. Barrett, “Detectors for Small-Animal SPECT Ⅱ,” in Small- Animal SPECT Imaging, M. A. Kupinski and H. H. Barrett eds., pp. 65-66, Springer, New York, NY, 2005.
[25] P. D. Olcott, J. A. Talcott, C. S. Levin, F. Habte, A. M. K. Foudray “Compact readout electronics for position sensitive photomultiplier tubes,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol 52, no. 1, pp. 21-27, 2005.
[26] S. Siegel, R. W. Silverman, Y. Shao, and S. R. Cherry, “Simple charge division readouts for imaging scintillator arrays using a multi - -channel PMT,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1634-1641, 1996.
[27] Available:
http://www.ortec-online.com/download/Amplifier-Introduction.pdf
[28] Available: http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Butterworth_orders.png&variant=zh-tw
[29] Available:
http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/Ref/FilterBkgrnd/FirstSecondOrder.html
[30] W. C.J. Hunter, H. H. Barrett, J. P. Muzi, W. McDougald, L. R. MacDonald, R. S. Miyaoka, and T. K. Lewellen, “SCOUT: a fast Monte-Carlo modeling tool of scintillation camera output,” Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 58,no.11 ,pp. 3581-3598, 2013.
[31] J. Y. Hesterman, L. Caucci, M. A. Kupinski, H. H. Barrett, L. R. Furenlid, “Maximum-Likelihood Estimation With a Contracting-Grid Search Algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 57, no.3, pp. 1077-1084, 2010.
[32] R.Wojcik, S. Majewski, D. Steinbach and A.G. Weisenberger, “High spatial resolution gamma imaging detector based on 5” diameter R329 2 hamamatsu PSPMT,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 45, no.3, pp. 487-49
1, 1998.
[33] NEMA Standards Publication NU 1-2001, “Performance Measurements of Scintillation Cameras” National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Rosslyn, VA, 2001.

指導教授

陳怡君(Yi-chun Chen)

審核日期

2013-8-14

推文