視覺空間注意力於視覺誘發電位調變之大腦人機介面

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姓名

徐詠韻(Yung-Yun Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

視覺空間注意力於視覺誘發電位調變之大腦人機介面
(The Modulation Effect of VisuoSpatial Attention on Visual Evoked Potential and its Application to Brain Computer Interface)

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摘要(中)

視覺誘發電位(Visual evoked potential, VEP)被廣泛應用於臨床視覺檢查、
以及腦波人機介面的應用上。藉由針對視覺刺激進行不同頻率或相位的編
碼，可以利用分類器分辨不同視覺刺激源造成的腦波訊號，下達多種控制
指令。視覺腦波人機介面(VEP-based BCI) 透過非侵入式腦波訊號
(Electroencephalogram, EEG)的辨識與擷取，可以讓使用者與外界互動，並
且不需要他人輔助或肌肉移動。此外，視覺腦波具有高傳輸率與較少訓練
時間的優點，因此也獲得世界上許多腦波人機介面研究團隊的注意。但是
目前以視覺誘發電位為基礎的腦波人機介面，都屬於依賴性的系統
(dependent system)，使用者的眼睛必須注視於閃光刺激光源，才能進行系統
操作。這使得使用者的目光無法離開視覺刺激閃光，而造成使用上的限制。
因此，本研究致力於發展一種不具依賴性(independent system)的視覺誘
發電位腦波人機介面，藉由討論視覺誘發電位受到注意力調變增強的效應，
分辨受試者注意力所停留的選項，並進行腦波操控。
本研究所使用的閃光方式為閃爍視覺誘發電位(Flash Visual Evoked
Potential, FVEP)，藉由人腦視覺腦波對於閃光刺激的亮滅具有時間鎖定與相
位鎖定的特性，以隨機編碼方式產生閃光序列，經由簡單的平均方法分離
出左視野與右視野所產生的閃爍視覺誘發電位，辨識出左右視野視覺誘發
電位的特徵峰值P2 與N2，並計算兩波峰之差值Amponset，經過比較振幅大
小後可以得出與視覺間注意力之間具有正相關性，本研究的成果將來可以
應用於非依賴性視覺腦波人機介面的應用上。

摘要(英)

Visual evoked potential (VEP) has been widely used in clinical visual
diagnoses and has been utilized for the application of brain computer interface.
By encoding the temporal sequeces of visual stimuli with distinct frequencies or
phases, brain waves induced from different visual stimuli can be recognized
using classifiers, and the recognized brain waves are subsequently used for
delivering control commands. Visual evoked potential – based brain computer
interface (VEP-based BCI) enables users to interact with external environments
independent of other people’s help or peripheral neuralmuscular activities. In
addition, VEP-based BCI has the advantages of high information transfer rate
and less training effort which has drawn attention from serveral BCI research
teams. However, current VEP-based BCI systems are dependent system. Users’
eyes should always gaze at their intended visual stimuli which results in
limitation to BCI applications.
This thesis aims to develop a new independent VEP-based BCI system. By
studying the effects of visuospatial attention on the modulation of VEP
amplitudes. User’s attended targets can be distinguished from other targets, and
the recognized target can then be used to control external devices. Owing to the
time-locked and phase-locked characteristics of VEP, the present study utilized
flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) to design our system. Two visual stimuli
located at left and right visual fields were driven by distinct randomly generated
sequences, and VEP induced from visual stimuli at left and right visual fields
were detected separately by means of a simply averaging process. The amplitude
difference between P2 and N2 peaks, denoted as AMPonset, was calculated in
each VEP. Therefore, the visuospatial attention effect on user’s attended targets
can then be discussed. The research results of this study can be applied to design
independent VEP-based BCI system in future applications.

關鍵字(中)

★ 閃爍視覺誘發電位
★ 注意力
★ 腦電波訊號
★ 腦波人機介面

關鍵字(英)

★ FVEP
★ Visuospatial Attention
★ EEG
★ BCI

論文目次

摘要 ...................................................................................................................... II
Abstract ............................................................................................................ IIII
致謝 ...................................................................................................................... V
目錄 ..................................................................................................................... VI
圖目錄 ................................................................................................................. IX
表目錄 .............................................................................................................. XIII
第一章緒論 ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 前言 ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 ..................................................................................... 1
1.3 文獻回顧 ................................................................................................. 2
1.4 論文架構 ................................................................................................. 4
第二章大腦人機介面與視覺誘發電位 ............................................................. 5
2.1 大腦皮層的電位活動 ............................................................................. 5
2.1.1 腦波分類 ...................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 腦波量測 ...................................................................................... 9
2.2 視覺誘發電位 ....................................................................................... 11
2.3 以視覺誘發電位為基礎之大腦人機介面 ........................................... 18
第三章研究理論 ............................................................................................... 21
VI II
3.1 腦波擷取 ............................................................................................... 21
3.2 眼動訊號擷取 ....................................................................................... 21
3.3 數位濾波器 ......................................................................................... 212
3.3.1 FIR 濾波器 ................................................................................. 24
3.3.2 IIR 濾波器 ............................................................................... 245
3.3.2.1 Butterworth 濾波器 ..................................................... 245
3.4 零相位移濾波器 ................................................................................... 26
3.4 疊加平均技術 ....................................................................................... 28
第四章實驗結果與討論 ................................................................................... 29
4.1 儀器介紹Ｖ-Amp 腦波放大器 .......................................................... 29
4.2 實驗方法 ............................................................................................... 31
4.2.1 實驗環境 .................................................................................... 31
4.2.2 系統架構 .................................................................................. 351
4.2.3 受測者 ........................................................................................ 32
4.2.4 實驗設計 .................................................................................... 32
4.2.5 訊號處理流程 ............................................................................ 34
4.3 分析方法 ............................................................................................... 35
4.3.1 EEG 訊號量測 ........................................................................... 35
4.3.2 訊號前處理(pre-process)........................................................... 35
IX
4.3.3 第一部份實驗：直視閃光選項之視覺誘發腦波分析 ........... 38
4.3.4 第二部份實驗：空間注意力調變之視覺誘發腦波分析 ....... 41
4.4 第一部份實驗：直視閃光選項之視覺誘發電位分析結果 .............. 44
4.5 第二部份實驗：空間注意力調變之視覺誘發電位分析結果 .......... 50
4.6 FVEP 實驗結果與討論 ........................................................................ 59
第五章結論與未來展望 ..................................................................................... 63
5.1 結論 ....................................................................................................... 63
5.2 未來展望 .............................................................................................. 63
參考文獻 ............................................................................................................. 64

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指導教授

李柏磊(Po-Lei Lee)

審核日期

2013-8-23

推文