利用光達衛星CALIPSO研究高空卷雲分佈

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呂建穎(Chien-Ying Lu) 查詢紙本館藏

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生物物理研究所

論文名稱

利用光達衛星CALIPSO研究高空卷雲分佈
(Study of High Altitude Cirrus Clouds based on CALIPSO Data)

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摘要(中)

卷雲是出現在高對流層的冰雲，由於分佈範圍很廣，所以在全球
的天氣系統和輻射平衡上扮演了重要的角色。Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar
and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation(CALIPSO) 衛星的發射提
供了我們一個從太空用光達觀測地球大氣垂直結構的方式，對於了解
全球的卷雲分佈上有很大的幫助。本研究利用CALIPSO 提供的2008
年12 月到2012 年2 月雲層資料進行統計分析，結果顯示卷雲發生機
率在赤道地區最高，並且被卷雲覆蓋的範圍有季節性的變化，6-8 月
的分佈偏向北半球、12-2 月偏向南半球，在北半球的夏季卷雲主要集
中於亞洲夏季季風區。分析台灣地區(北緯20 度至30 度，東經115
度至125 度)的卷雲發生機率與利用Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian
Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT)模式進行氣流的逆軌跡追蹤，發現在
6、7 月份的高空氣流大部分來自西方，且傳輸路徑會行經亞洲夏季
季風區，8 月則來自東亞夏季季風區，可知台灣地區夏季卷雲發生機
率高的主要成因與夏季季風區之間有密切的關係。

摘要(英)

Cirrus clouds are ice clouds of the upper troposphere and spreading
around the world. They are one of the important factors, which play
critical roles in the Earth‘s energy balance by reflecting, absorbing and
transmitting the solar radiation. Cloud ‐ Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observation(CALIPSO) provides us a chance to
observe the vertical structure of atmosphere by using lidar from space. It
is really helpful to study cirrus clouds around earth. Using a 3-year data
from CALIPSO, the occurrence frequency, layer base altitude, and optical
depth of cirrus clouds are studied. The investigation of cirrus clouds
shows the maximum occurrence frequency near the tropics. The results
show large latitude movement of cirrus clouds cover with the seasonal
distribution. In the north hemisphere, the maximum of cirrus clouds
frequency are around the Asia Summer Monsoon from June to August.
The frequency of cirrus cloud occurrence in Taiwan(20-30°N, 115-125°E)
are higher in summer, and the backward trajectories of air flow over
Taiwan by using Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory
Model (HYSPLIT), which can trace back to Asia Summer Monsoon and
East Asia Summer Monsoon. Thus, cirrus clouds could be transported
from Summer Monsoon to Taiwan.

關鍵字(中)

★ 卷雲
★ 光達
★ CALIPSO衛星

關鍵字(英)

★ Cirrus
★ Lidar
★ CALIPSO

論文目次

中文提要 ………………………………………………………… I
英文提要 ………………………………………………………… II
目錄 ………………………………………………………… III
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………… IV
表目錄 ………………………………………………………… IX
第1章簡介 1
1.1 卷雲的種類與形成 2
1.1.1 卷雲 2
1.1.2 冰晶的形成 5
1.1.3 卷雲的形成 8
1.1.4 卷雲的微物理性質 10
第2章實驗方法 12
2.1 地面光達 12
2.2 被動式衛星遙測 14
2.3 星載光達 15
第3章結果討論 25
3.1 全球卷雲之分佈 25
3.2 卷雲緯度分佈 34
3.3 卷雲發生高度之月分佈 41
3.4 2008-2012年卷雲發生高度之月分佈 45
3.5 16公里以上卷雲發生機率 52
3.6 卷雲光學厚度統計 56
3.7 高空相對溼度分析 64
第4章台灣地區分佈 67
4.1 卷雲發生機率之月分佈 67
4.2 2008-2012年台灣地區卷雲高度之月平均分佈 69
4.3 北半球季風區與雲發生機率分析 71
4.4 2010年夏季台灣中壢上空氣流之逆軌跡追蹤 77
第5章結論 90
參考文獻 92

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指導教授

倪簡白(JB Nee)

審核日期

2013-12-6

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