| dc.description.abstract | This paper is main theme is phonology of Lai-Yuan Hakka. Lai-Yuan is located at east side of Lian-Cheng county of Fujian province. Lian-Cheng and Chang-Ting are both at middle Fujian. Its language is influenced by both southern and northern Fujian Hakka and it as a mixed dialect. In addition, western Fujian was originally She ethnic minority group’s residence. There are also many place named after She in Lian-Cheng. Even though nowadays there are no Shes living in the area, the underlying languages’ pass interactions is one of the important factors of Lai-Yuan tone. Therefore, not only studying the phonology, I will also review the vocabularies to support the study in order to observe the relations between Lai-Yuan Hakka and nearby Min dialect, Jiangxi Province dialect and underlying languages.
There are six chapters in this study. The first chapter is introduction. It illustrates the motive and purpose of choosing Lai-Yuan as study subject, method of study and steps. It reviews the relative studies and briefly explains the history and geographic overview of Western Fujian and Lian-Cheng, and the language situation of two dialect points within Lian-Cheng, Shia village and Huang-Di village. The second chapter is the system of Lai-Yuan Hakka. It illustrates Shia and Huang-Di village’s voice, rhyme, tone system, and features of tone sandhi and Literary and colloquial readings. The third chapter is the comparison of Lai-Yuan Hakka and middle age tone. It puts the Lai-Yuan Hakka into the history of phonology and compare Shia village with Huang-Di village in order to observe the change of phonology from past to nowadays. The fourth chapter is the special features of Lai-Yuan Hakka. It is also a review of first three chapters. Through comparison with other dialect and underlying language, It reviews initials, finals and tones in order to discuss the Lian-Cheng Hakka’s language situation and change mechanism. Therefore, it discovers the most important phonology feature of Lai-Yuan Hakka and that is upper local cords glottal stop is light entering, and this is the from ancient tone. This phenomenon also protects colloquial readings of “dark tone unvoiced aspirate.” It also helps Lai-Yuan which is often categorized as Min because “dark tone unvoiced unaspirated” to be proved as Hakka. The fifth chapter is the discussion of Lai-Yuan Hakka vocabularies. It compares with other dialect points includes Chang-Din, Yuan-Din and Sha-Min and other appropriate dialect points’ vocabularies. Through comparison with surrounded dialect and underlying language’s vocabularies, it is able to review Hakka’s special vocabulary in Lai-Yuan Hakka. It also observes the influence of nearby Min and Gan and preserve status of underlying language vocabulary in Lai-Yuan Hakka. Therefore, it concludes the features of Lai-Yuan Hakka which are combination of northern and southern vocabularies and preservation of ancient Han vocabularies. The sixth chapter is the conclusion of this study. It concludes the phonology features and vocabularies features of Lai-Yuan Hakka. It also reviews the shortage of this research and proposes the suggestions and directions for future Lai-Yuan Hakka research. | en_US |