| dc.description.abstract | In order to know more about Jiao Hong, an extremely influential scholar in the Late Ming Dynasty, his contributions are always been ignored, so nowadays there are less and few people want to go into serious research on this critical scholar. However, there are still many big issues in Jiao Hong’s research that haven’t been discussed, such as his unique insights into the philosophy aspect and his contributions in Chinese scholarship. So the author of this dissertation wants to go into serious research on Jiao Hong’s philosophy ideas and compares it with other Late Ming Dynasty’s philosophers. Besides, clarify and build up distinguishing features of Jiao Hong’s philosophy ideas and figure out his influence and the academic position in Late Ming Dynasty’s philosophy.
The distinguishing feature of Jiao Hong’s philosophy ideas is that “the highest excellence（至善） cannot be measured totally by ethical standards.” To explain this notion, Jiao Hong used the concepts of “source of emptiness （虛寂本體） its characteristics are unlimited”, and “the highest excellence（至善） cannot be confined to the restriction of good or bad.” So unlike Mencius（孟子） and Yang Ming（陽明）, two well-known Chinese philosophers, Jiao Hong’s philosophy ideas aren’t that clear-cut and easy to explain. There are two direct methods to accomplish Jiao Hong’s philosophy ideas. First, clear up all the obstacles that will veil your mind, and let your mind freely emancipate. Because it is not only the source of emptiness but also the highest excellence. The other one is, work far and wide on pursuing knowledge. Since the source of emptiness （虛寂之道） is hard to perceive accurately, Jiao Hong advocates pursuing knowledge widely as a way to tally with the doctrine and become a person whose mind is close to ancient sages. The essential quality of Jiao Hong’s practical theory（工夫論）, is that pursuing knowledge is the key to know mind is source of emptiness ,and because it is the highest excellence, it will help people become sage. However, about how to extensively pursue knowledge, unlike Zhu Xi（朱子）, Jiao Hong didn’t have a precise definition）. In addition, he didn’t put all of his philological studies into a systematic conformation. So these are all the reasons that make the researchers, who study Jiao Hong’s philological theory, easy to separate his two methods with his achievement at the aspect of Exegesis and Chinese Exegetics. But actually, Jiao Hong’s achievement at the aspect of Exegesis and Chinese Exegetics, and his philosophy ideas do relate.
Even though it is reasonable that the researchers classify Jiao Hong’s philosophy ideas as Kuan Chan（狂禪） . Consider the aspect of his theory conformation, his philosophy ideas totally originate from the Confucian way to realize the source of emptiness, even when he explained the meaning of Buddhist śūnyatā or Taoist Wu
. So his philosophy ideas to translate Buddhism and Taoism are still based on Confucian viewpoint. Additionally, it’s worth noticing that the existing source is no longer Qin Dynasty’s ethical features, which are on the basis of Ren（仁）,Yi（義）,Li（禮）,Zhi（智）,but he source of emptiness.
The dissertation’s topic is “the study of Jiao Hong′s One Principle Runs Through it all”. The “One Principle ”there means that Jiao Hong utilizes source of emptiness as his philological studies’ major conformation, integrate, practical theory, and develop his own one principle. So the way Jiao Hong explained the principle is different from Confucianism in Qin Dynasty, who explain the principle is based on ethical features. Because of the source of emptiness, Jiao Hong even advocated that the ultimate thinking of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is the same and shouldn’t be separated into three. Each of them has possibility to communicate. It will be very disputable to criticize Jiao Hong as Kuan Chan. Because he never tried to combine three kinds of philosophy into one or replace another two by the other one. | en_US |