dc.description.abstract | Jingju was selected as the “Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” (the Representative Work) under the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2010, making it an important Cultural heritage for humanity all over the world.
Therefore, when we look at Jingju, it is no longer just a regional art form, but an art form that transcends borders and generations, breathes the same way as humans, and follows the track of history and humanity. The intangible culture has defined and recognized Jingju’s world value that makes the recent research of Jingju more meaningful; and, furthermore, has become a representative of world art for Chinese people. The system of inheritance and development of Jingju affects the construction of the education system for the cultivation of talents, which is considered as an important factor for Jingju to be able to remain new over the years. Thus, the topic of this dissertation is “the Study of the Transformation of Jingju Educational System in Taiwan,” based on the established Jingju education system in Taiwan and probes its transformation and development through observation of its systematic framework and talent cultivation.
The content of this dissertation is focused on the institutional, core, humanistic, modern, creative, and new aspects of Jingju education in Taiwan, including the five areas of "Inheritance and Foundation of the Jingju Educational System," "Performances, Orchestras, and Costumes in Jingju Education," "Development of humanistic education in Jingju Education," "Expansion of the Jingju Educational System and Modern Innovations," and "Establishment of Playwriting and Directing Course Mapping in Jingju Education.” The study examines the evolution of time and stages of development over the past seventy years.
The institutional modification starts with the establishment of the Jingju education system in Taiwan in 1954, and the integration and succession of the systems of the traditional and professional Jingju training and the new-style Jingju schools are analyzed in terms of the transformation of the systems of the various schools, as well as the links and connections between vocational education and art education.
In the first period, the educational systems of the small classes in military schools and the “Chinese National Opera Troupe” (from private to public) were established one after another since 1954 as the direction of the study. After 1989, in the second period, the core education and systematization of teachers′ teaching and talent training in the construction of the system were explored, and the first-generation teachers inherited the traditions and oriented to the modern trend, and their rich technical knowledge laid a solid foundation for the “Standard Curriculum in Jingju Schools." A solid system of Jingju education, and in particular, constructed a repertoire of plays for teaching various subject of study, which became an important repertoire system in the developmental Jingju education.
In the third period, after 1999, by the analyzing of the only existing "National Taiwan College of Performing Arts", to engage the transformation and diversification brought about by the expansion of the "twelve-year system" of Jingju education; as well to understand how Jingju has transformed and integrated into the modernized world. In addition, from the Jingju education exchanges cross-strait to the promotion of cultural diplomacy internationally, and to the observation of the changes in cross-cultural education and promotion, given the system innovation and development.
The Ministry of Education promotes the auxiliary teaching methods of the Jingju schools by exploring the development of three major teaching materials, namely, "script integration", "literature and history supplementary teaching materials", and "script study", to provide an extension of Jingju repertoire learning; and, moreover, to cultivate students′ sensibility for humanities and artistic creativity through humanistic knowledge. Teachers can establish the principles and methods of teaching through the teaching materials, and then develop professionalism in teaching and learning.
The creation of Jingju has learned from the modern theatre after its modernization, and at the same time, when entering higher education, the function of playwriting and directing required for the creation of Jingju combined with Jingju education cultivation, which opens a new stage and industrial value for Jingju talents. The Jingju playwriting and directing education will explore the professional functions and applied teaching of playwriting and directing that have been established in Taiwan′s 12-year Jingju education program.
The twenty-first century has confronted a new generational transition, and the next step in Jingju education is a topic for our generation to consider. This paper concludes with a review and reflection, and proposes four aspects that need to be continuously renewed, namely, "the value of the industrial chain of Jingju," "innovative education and course map construction," "narrative research in humanities education," and "cross-strait exchanges and the continuous development of internationalization," as well as prospecting to the future study of Jingju education in the "new concepts of talent cultivation," and "the life of the artists and narrative education,” for Jingju education and students’ learning to update the methodology and reverse experience.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of society and the rapid changes in the cultural ecology, we can learn from the past to understand the present, and we can create the future. This paper takes the narrative framework of Jingju education in Taiwan for nearly seventy years, and studies and discusses the systematic network and the process of changes in the educational structure. Hoping that through the merging of the traditional and innovative qualities of Jingju in this paper, it will bring newer perspectives and the discussion for the
Jingju education system in Taiwan. | en_US |