| dc.description.abstract | The Chunqiu （春秋） has three commentaries which are Zuozhuan （左傳）, Gongyang （公羊） and Guliang （穀梁）. They are documentation of humanities actives of Chunqiu period such as the King-Minister regime, the inheritance system and the behavior principle. They are the representatives of the pre-Qin studies especially on the process of political reform during Chunqiu period, which form feudal system to monarchy. “Xian”（賢）one of the comments that commonly used in praising a person with both talents and high moral character in these three commentaries.
This research aims to investigate how Zuozhuan, Gongyang and Guliang define and interpret Xian. It will begin with detailed study on different textual records of Xian. After that, the assessments of Xian will be comparing the interpretations between these three commentaries. in order to reflect their attitudes towards Xian under the same or different cases.
The result findings showed that the concept of Xian was nearly standardized in Chunqiu period and it is strongly linked with King-Minister regime. Xian is normally used in illustrating one’s admiration of the emperors or ministers who had adequate abilities and practiced high moral standards when they ruled the fiefdom.is widely used in reviewing a person, mostly on nobles and officials who remained at relatively higher social status than plebeians. The result indicates that nobles and officials who had outstanding political ability would be remarked as Xian. Moreover, the result also showed that “Xian” was not only a comment to people, but also a judgment on a decision. This finding defies the conventional conception of “Xian”. Other than comments of a person, Xian could be used to comment personality and also issues.
Key words: The Chunqiu, Xian, Zhozhuan , Gongyang, Guliang
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