| dc.description.abstract | Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCS) based on lead-halide perovskite absorber have attracted great attention due to their high power conversion efficiency and non-expensive solution fabrication processes. To be understand better the instrinic properties of lead-halide perovskite, single crystals were prepared and studied. In this study, inverse temperature crystallization method was used to grow perovskite with various components. GBL or the mixture of GBL and DMF was used as solvents to dissolve several starting materials with various mole ratios to form a mother solutions for single crystals. We found that even the mother solution contains MA(0.93-x), FAx, Cs0.07, Pb, and l3 but the single crystal grown from it did not have Cs+ ion. Furthermore, the λEM of the PL is shorter than that of the crystal from from MaxFA(1-x)PbBr3-xIx. The FA content for the crystal increase as the FA in the mother solution increases and Br ion in the crystal decreases. For the mother solution containing MA05FA05PbBr(3-a)Ia, the I- content increase sharply when I/Br ratio is higher than 1.5, at the same time the morphology of the crystal change from cubic to tetragonal and the λEM of the PL shifts to longer wavelength. For the mother solution with the content of MA(1-x)CsxPbBr0.6I2.4, when the Cs/MA is less than 2%, the crystal grown from it contains no Cs as revealed with EDS analysis. Increasing the Cs content in the mother solution to 5%, the Cs content in the crystal increases to 0.4%, nevertheless, when the Cs in the mother solution increases to 7%, the Cs in crystal increases rapidly to 8%. | en_US |