| dc.description.abstract | 依據美國空氣清淨法 (Clean Air Act Amendments, CAAA) 之定義，任何導致癌症或其他對人體造成重大危害症狀之空氣污染物皆稱為有害空氣污染物 (Hazardous Air Pollutants, HAPs)。為了及時掌握HPAs排放來源而增設之空氣品質測站、光化學評估監測站 (Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations, PAMS) 使用氣相層析火焰離子偵測器 (GC/FID) 等，雖可針對各項空氣品質、逸散性氣體，進行長期連續監測，仍有大部分HAPs項目未能達到連續監測目的，PAMS僅可連續測得有機光化前驅物種，和少數HAPs物種，如1,3-丁二烯、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯等。相比之下，使用GC與質譜聯用 (GC/MS) 可以解決使用GC/FID 無法監測大部分重要HAPs物種的問題。
為了因應台灣高濕度環境並連續監測HAPs物種，本研究利用自製除水儀 (Dewaterer, DW) 及熱脫附儀 (Thermal Desorption, TD) 串連GC/MS/FID在A工業區周界進行連續監測HAPs濃度。本研究先針對自製除水及熱脫附儀進行驗證，參考光化測站分析品質驗收標準，在特定物種之基線分離程度及MDL部分，本研究之DW-TD皆符合驗收標準；在層析圖譜表現上，本研究之DW-TD約有88%物種之Tailing Factor表現優於商業型機台，由此可說明本研究之自製DW-TD有比擬甚至優於商業型機台之圖譜表現，且可成功用於PAMS及後續研究。
本研究監測物種除涵蓋A工業區現有PAMS之54種揮發性有機化合物，對應之標準方法為NIEA A505.12B外，也可監測自離線式採樣分析的標準方法NIEA A715.15B之87種HAPs，扣除重複物種，共103種物進行監測。利用分流技術於兩個不同類型毛細管柱，完成最大分析效益，可定性定量103種目標化合物，成功地將PAMS和HAPs結合到單一系統中。
以環檢所NIEA A715.16B離線式方法為基礎，與A工業區共同建立相關品保品管規範，包含檢量線、每日準確度 (回收率)、精密度及方法偵測極限等。103項目標物檢量線建立結果顯示，R2值為0.991 ~ 1.000其中8項小於0.990，精密度及準確度結果顯示，RSD%介於2.3 ~ 27.4%，回收率介於86% ~ 139%，方法偵測極限結果顯示，MDL介於0.02 ~ 1.00。各項品保品管項目皆符合與A工業區所訂定之規範。
本研究前期於A工業區內地點一進行Online DW-TD-GC/MS連續監測HAPs，並與鄰近之PAMS進行比測，證實本研究系統之數據可信度後，後期測站移站至距A工業區東方1公里之地點二，藉由管柱分流技術，成功並聯FID以Online DW-TD-GC/MS/FID進行連續監測，解決MS無法分析乙烷、乙烯及乙炔等輕碳之侷限性，將離線式NIEA 715.16B方法及PAMS，合併至單一線上分析系統上，同時執行兩方法，工業區可以更有效地管控HAPs之排放 、來源及健康風險評估。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | According to the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) in the United States, any air pollutants that cause cancer or medical symptoms are called Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). To effectively assess and control emission sources of HAPs monitoring tools such as photochemical assessment monitoring stations (PAMS) using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) can partially carry out long-term continuous monitoring of various air fugitive gases, but its capabilities still fall short to cover most key HAPs. PAMS can only measure ozone precursors and a selected few selected HAPs, such as 1,3-butadine benzene, toluene, ethybenzene and xylenes. In comparison, using GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) can avoid the shortfalls of GC/FID and cover most of the key gaseous organic HAPs.
In response to the high humidity environment in Taiwan and the continuous monitoring of HAPs species, this study uses a self-assembled dewaterer (DW) instrument and thermal desorption device (TD) to couple with GC/MS/FID for continuously monitoring ambient HAPs in industrial zones. We first validated the self-assembled DW and TD device in accordance with the PAMS quality assurance (QA) criteria of method detection limits (MDL) and recoveries. In terms of the chromatographic performance, the peak tailing factors with our DW-TD are better than those resulted from the commercial counterpart for 88% of the target analytes. This finding indicates that the performance of the spectrum of the self-assembled DW-TD is comparable or even better than the commercial counterpart, and can be successfully used in PAMS and HAPs measurements.
In addition to the 54 hydrocarbons currently hourly monitorined by PAMS in Taiwan, the 87 HAPs lised in the off-line method of Taiwan EPA NIEA A505.12B can also be measured. After excluding the duplicate species, a total of 103 species can be monitored with hourly resolution. Using the column split technique to two separate capillary columns and dual detectors to maximize compound coverage, the DW-TD-GC/MS/FID system can both qualitatively and quantitatively measure 103 target compounds; thus, it has successfully combine both PAMS and HAPs instruments into one system.
By referring to the NIEA A715.16B method for QA specifications, including linearity (R2), daily accuracy (recovery), precision and MDL. The 103 target compounds showed linearity (R2) ranging from 0.991 ~ 1.000 for most HAPs, with 8 compounds less than 0.990. The precision and accuracy results showed that the RSD% was between 2.3 and 27.4%, and the recovery was between 86% and 139%, whereas the MDL is between 0.02 ~ 1.00. All quality assurance items are in compliance with the specifications set by the A industrial zone.
At the early stage of this research, field measurements by online DW-TD-GC/MS was carried out within an industrial complex (denoted as complex A) and validated by comparing with a PAMS establishment nearby The success of the validation motivated another field test at a location 1 km east of the industrial zone A, away from the hot zone of emissions. FID was then successfully connected in parallel with MS via the split technique to form the online DW-TD-GC/MS/FID system for the 103 target compounds, including the extremely volatile species of ethane, ethene and ethyne. As a result, both PAMS and HAPs which are targeted by the off-line NIEA 715 16B method, can now be combined into one one-line GC system. Emission control, source apportionment, and health risks of HAPs in industrial zones can now be more effectively assessed. | en_US |