| dc.description.abstract | In this study, benzophenone-type (BPs) ultraviolet (UV)-filters are used as the analysis object, which can absorb UV radiation as sunscreen ingredients, so they are widely used in personal care products, food-packed coatings and other household products. However, BPs belong to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), with the increase of their usage, the scope of contaminants will also expand into the environment. They have also gradually attracted much public attention of all parties, due to the cumulative harm to the ecosystems and human body.
Therefore, a high-sensitivity, simple, and efficient analytical method for detecting the residues of six BPs UV-filters in environmental water samples, which comply with developed green chemistry. In this study, polyionic liquid (PIL) was used as the coating material as a novel adsorbent in the stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) method, which has the advantages of low melting point, good thermal stability, recyclability, structure controllability and environmental friendliness. Imidazolium cation and (PF6-) hexafluorophosphate anion as a polymer monomer composition, improve the stability of the adsorbent in water. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization(+)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI(+)-QTOF-MS) was applied for detection and quantitation coupled with high-resolution extracted ion chromatogram mode to increase the sensitivity.
The experimental conditions were optimized by one-factor at-a-time optimization and multivariate experimental design software Box-Behnken Design (BBD), and the extraction conditions were optimized by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) in BBD. The best conditions were as follows: P(C10ImPF6) was used as the adsorbent coating, extracted in 20 mL water sample for 90 min, the stirring rate was 600 rpm, the desorption solvent was 1 mL methanol, and the desorption time was 1 min. Then, the extract was nitrogen sweeping to 0.1 mL, and finally 3 μL of the extract was directly injected into UHPLC-QTOF-MS for detection. The enrichment factor can be reached at 200-fold, which enhanced the analysis sensitivity.
The developed method P(C10ImPF6)-SBSE exhibited satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.9957), favorable precision with Intra day and Inter day relative standard deviation (RSD%) were all less than 4%, and a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.025 to 3 ng/mL, satisfactory extraction recovery ranging from 93% to 104%, the results show that the method presents good stability and reproducibility. Finally, the developed P(C10ImPF6)-SBSE method combined with UHPLC-ESI(+)-QTOF-MS was then successfully applied to detect BPs residues in environmental water samples. | en_US |