| dc.description.abstract | In this paper, we propose a laparoscopic surgery simulation system which identifies and emphasizes the critical steps in performing the gallbladder removal procedure. The proposed system consists of five components: (i) real-time deformation, (ii) realistic force feedback, (iii) efficient collision detection, (iv) surgical operations, and (v) realistic visualization of the virtual organ models. To realistically deform the soft tissues, we develop two deformation techniques: hybrid physical-based deformation modeling (HPDM) and synthetic deformation modeling (SDM). The proposed HPDM exhibits high speed and physical accurate deformation; the SDM exhibits both local visco-elastic deformation and global motion realistically. To provide a realistic haptic feeling, a force feedback technique based on the mass-spring deformation model is proposed. We also develop four surgical operations necessary for gallbladder removal: pushing, grasping, clamping, and cutting. With these techniques, we successfully develop a real-time, realistic, and expansible laparoscopic surgical simulation for gallbladder removal. | en_US |