| dc.description.abstract | Abstract
The questionnaire investigation and wastewater sampling are used to understand the wastewater management of the universities in Taiwan. The 91 of total 159 universities reply the questionnaire. The results showed that 80.2% universities produced the waste liquid from the laboratory, with the amount of 3850 liters every week. Among theses waste liquid, organic wastes is the major product. More than 90% of the universities authorize substitute wastewater treatment enterprise to manage the wastewater treatment plants. The rest of the schools manage the wastewater treatment plants by themselves. The less harmful wastewater produced from the laboratory is about 3.72?106 liters/ week. One-tenth of universities, directly discharge wastewater into the sewer; the rest of 40% universities, treated wastewater via the substitute wastewater treatment enterprise. In the case of domestic wastewater, all of investigated universities produced 9.56?107 liter per week. Most of them without treatment discharge into sewage system. Part of universities collected the rinse wastewater from the laboratories and treated it together with the domestic wastewater. The secondary treatment is a major process for the most universities, but 9% universities treat the wastewater using with the physico-chemical process only.
In addition, we estimated the removal efficiency of the contaminants, such as COD, BOD, and SS, for various operation units from the selected 11 universities. If the laboratory wastewater and domestic wastewater are treated separately, the removal percentages of the contaminants could reach to 90%. According to the survey, there are two methods for the contaminant treatment: (1) treat the wastewater by themselves; (2) authorize substitute wastewater treatment enterprise. Among the selected 11 universities, there are five universities to treat the wastewater by themselves. The advantages are to save the cost of substitute wastewater treatment operation and to effectively control the wastewater treatment plant. In the national universities, the personnel of substitute wastewater treatment enterprise are responsible for staying in the site to immediately hold the accident. Otherwise, in the private universities, operators regularly check the system so that the cost is relatively lower. The operation cost is proportional to the building cost. Otherwise, the less waste liquid volumes cause the higher treatment cost. The obtained results can be a good guideline for managing wastewater of the universities in Taiwan. | en_US |