| dc.description.abstract | The study is to explore in the West Bank Plain of Tamsui River in Taipei basin, the governance of the ruling authority under Japanese government and the process of being incorporated and being transformed of its local communities. It also stresses that the ruling authority applied Pao-Chia, modern police system and educational institutions to be the social control policies. The study area is undertaken in the Hsinchuang Prefecture (County) – a modernistic rule unit transformed from the Hsin Chih Bao in the Ching Dynasty.
Each street in the Hsin Chih Bao area of an enlightened reign had an individual leadership and operated its local order separately. As a result, Ching imperial state power and administrative authority can not effectively control this area. After the transfer of government in 1895, Taiwan entered the Japanese Colonial Period, the ruling authority developed the police system, Pao-chia system based on household registration and land survey data and applied a modernistic education system to teach the public, which formed a basic governance model.
Due to the consolidation of the state power of the rule authority and constant incorporation and transformation over traditional streets and villages, in response to the needs of doctrine extension in mainland and police reform during the Taisho period (1912 – 1926), it brought a new social policy into force after 1920, under which the Hsin Chih Bao was empowered autonomy and became Hsinchuang Prefecture (County) of one street and three villages.
However, the ruling authority utilized a ‘Prefecture’ unit to hold a certain level of administrative power over local communities and had avoided criticism regarding the police and Pao-chia since the early stage of governance. But for Hsinchuang Prefecture (County) and local elites, this system structure had empowered them many channels and spaces to ask the ruling authority to respond the needs of local communities and further to undertake modernization under the colonial system. The study indicated that with the participation from official guides and the local, it successfully and gradually completed road construction by using the donations of land and funding and integrated resources from each street and village in Hsinchuang Prefecture (County), of which the dependency relationship was strengthened. Meanwhile, it also found that local elites utilized their influences to compete each other which had an impact on the future history development.
In conclusion, this study found relative questions of regional study and Taiwan history. First of all, local communities order was broken and continued under the control of different political governances which showed the fundamental difference in governing Taiwan. Secondly, the advantages that were brought by the policies carried out in the early days of Japanese Colonial Period became the obstacles to put communalism in to practice after the Taisho Era. It presents that local communities was not controlled rigidly and thinks over the interaction relationship between the state and society. Finally, the cooperation and competition of modernistic construction in all streets and villages of Hsinchuang Prefecture (County) shaped the looks of local communities. It provides the comprehensive research on subjects of colonial system and modernization with further study cases.
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