dc.description.abstract | Abstract
The behavior that the emperor sends the central officials to go to the place to give relief to the victioms of nature disaster names Qianguan Zhenji(遣官賑濟). That rescure system isn’’t originate at Ming dynasty. Instead, this kind of system follows Han Dynasty imperial government which faces the occurrence of natural calamities, sending the related bureaucrat to the area of in tour place.
Qianguan Zhenji system hasn’’t been recorded in the government book(Daming Huidian,大明會典) record, nor has it being recorded by the private recorder. The frequency that emperor sends out the officails declines with the gradual ignorance of managing political business gradually and the political corruption of political. It’’s few to compare with Ming Taizu(明太祖) and Ming Chengzu(明成祖). Become a direct proportion with the central officials’’ layer class gradual low rank sent. That system experiences three changes in the Ming Dynasty, the officials sent, talk about its grade the minuteness is gradually. This will influence the member performance’’s power, also accomplish the beginning official seal of Duli Huangzheng(督理荒政).
The personal integrities of the executive offical has also causing the public of Ming Dynasty into bebate that whether system should be carried on in the disasterous area or not. For example, the Xishu(席書) of Jiajing(嘉靖) years. He is involving in the subject of the controversy of the rite system thus let the system issue becomes complex. After the wrestling of political power ,Xishu’s getting rid of being accused of the criminal charges.
The process of ranking promotion of Ho Qiaoxien(何喬新) that from the official post career to officials in the place then to the central officials, from low ranking to central is the represtantion of Ming Dynasty typical model of promotion way. This resarch mainly observes Ho’s behavior and the action of giving relief. Although giving relief to conduct and actions can not represent his to give relief to thought, however the existing historical data only can present to show his to give relief to conduct and actions--highlight a local special feature more.
Then, this resarch would describe the example that Ho Qiaoxien is sent to give relief which takes place during the drought in Chunghoa(成化) 20 years. Following next year in January the central decision has been done after discussing by the court officials that Ho is sent to a place to give relief as vice president of board in board punishments. The way that ho gives relief is serving as governor of a province’’s period with him, it is already to inherit. When the governor of Shanxi(山西) province is relieving the place also receive ho’’s commanding presenting two sets of system movements. But the offical rank of ho and the governor of province Yeqi(葉淇) official are the same, it is hard for Ho to give order to Yeqi.
Compare the conduct Liyan(李衍) gives relief to Shanxi(陝西) and Jiajun(賈俊) gives relief to Henan(河南), do the relativity that the area they rescure and their background of their career are related? Li once served as the minor official in the central officer, and then transferred to officer in the place and returned to imperial government again. He goes to Shanxi to serve as business earlier than Jiajun and Ho Qiaoxien then soon just appoints to give relief to for having a part-time job. Jia serves as a impeach official from the academy student of "last generation" and then transfers to officer in the place, the end goes into central is officer. He is like Ho that has served in the rescue place giving rescue t othose in need. But they have been called back to the central office in different time.
Observeing their behavior of giving relief to those in need, although their action caouldn’’t break away from the past, they achieves the utmost and don’’t cause the political inccident like Xishu(席書) dring Jiajing(嘉靖) years. Consequently, save to live a few victim of disasters and setting them, be unlikely to degenerate for flow people or "robber" in the authorities.
Key word: Qianguan Zhenji、vice president of a board、governor of a province、Ho Qiaoxien、Liyan、Jiajun、Yeqi
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