dc.description.abstract | The traditional Chinese family system ”A man have a wife and some concubines” emphasis that 「Having sons is the most important thing」. The whole life ambition of wives and concubines is to produce children. In this conditions , there are some scholars born from concubines and maidservants , not from wives .These men are not a handful of the scholars in Ming Dynasty and they are outstanding in the community and country . The past studies about history of the family in Ming Dynasty never use full source materials to research this topic alone , therefore , this research will discuss the scholars born from concubines in Ming Dynasty including the legal standing , social and family position , interaction of family emotions , development in community and country , to understand the family condition in Ming Dynasty .
The main reason of many sons born from concubines existing for a long time not only is the traditional Chinese have a son to carry on the family name , but also is the concubines want to raise her position by produced hard . The image of the sons born from concubines is ignoble , foolish , unlearned and incapable in Ming Dynasty’s novel . The novel must reflect social evaluation in Ming Dynasty , but we find so many outstanding sons born from concubines by finding out the true source materials . It shows the viewpoints on the sons born from concubines of people is too narrow , so we should understand them by more wide viewpoints . The law position of the son born from concubines is lower than the son born from wives in the canon of inheritance , the choice of marriage except distributing property . The social position of the son born from concubines is low because they are effected by the past bad evaluation in Ming Dynastic . His family position depends on playing the role of the family .The son born from concubines would be valued by the Dyi-mu who have no sons , and his family position would be raised . Oppositely his family position would be lower if his Dyi-mu have sons .
The scholars born from concubines usually face more hard and complicated personal matters and environments in the interaction between he and his family . The key factor that effect the interaction between sons and mothers is that whether Dyi-mu have sons , so Dyi-mu
reject the son born from concubines easily if Dyi-mu have sons . Dyi-Mu kept the scholar born from concubines for her own if she have no son . Dyi-Mu would like to replace the role of mother and making the scholar boned from concubines to keep Sheng-Mu at a distance . Fathers regard his sons by their striving and achievements , not their status or position . The interaction of brothers would be effected by Dyi-mu,s point of view . The scholars born from concubines would be rejected easily when the scholar family choose a son-in-law . Some scholars born from concubines would be required to become a son-in-law who lives in the wife’s home and assumes the role of a son , or married daughters born from concubines .
The scholars born from concubines understand their lower position when they were children , therefore they learn hard to get scholarly honor on official rank to improve their position .The firm feature is found in the sons born from concubines when they are persecuted in politics , or in danger and are attacked by opinion on public affairs . They would hold firmly to the truth . They are used to closely observe other people’s words and expressions , to keep patience , to wait , to show a feature “cunning”, because they grow up in the complexity personal connections . Some scholars born from concubines express a voice of protest by the pretentious feature , because they go non-smooth in official career . There are many scholars born from concubines to produce hard in literature and academia. They pay quietly for the country and the social. They still get ahead bravely when they face difficult and unfair environment . People should have a wide viewpoint to see the sons born from concubines , not with a narrow viewpoint . | en_US |