| dc.description.abstract | Hakka Lion is the art of performance implicating drama, martial art, dance, and music. Hakka Lion is a rare type of lion dance in Taiwan, which is also one of the characteristics of Hakka traditional culture. However, it has once in the face of disappearance because of the depreciation of Hakka Lion for a long time. Though it has gradually resuscitated under the rise of Hakka consciousness for the past few years, the understanding of Hakka Lion is still quite limited due to the lack of literature.
The scope of this research includes all the Hakka Lion counties and cities in Taiwan, fieldwork will be used as major research method, and literature analysis as secondary. The research aims to investigate the origin and development and distribution of Hakka Lion, to discuss the organization and operation, to collect the performance contents and to analyze the meaning of Hakka Lion. Hope to construct the entire lineaments of Hakka Lion completely, to inquire the status quo, crisis, and future development of Hakka Lion.
Hakka Lion spread to Taiwan through the coming of Hakka from Guangdong Province Chiaying Zhou(廣東省嘉應州), Hui Zhou(惠州), Chao Zhou(潮州), etc. in Qing Dynasty Daoguang years(清道光), it was constrained and stagnated in the Japanese occupation era, and was revived after Taiwan Restoration. Hakka Lion was come to a halt owing to the economic boom in the 50’s, the young people stepped into the factories. Recently, Hakka Lion has revived once again due to the rise of Hakka consciousness and the increasing of Hakka cultural activities.
Taiwan has 42 Hakka Lion Groups now, most of them are affiliated to school clubs and community development associations, they distribute over Hakka areas, such as Hsinchu County, Miaoli County, Yunlin County, Chiayi County, Pingtung County, etc., the whole performance of Hakka Lion is called “ Quan Peng Lion”(全棚獅), including Shi Tao(獅套) and martial art, the characters of Shi Tao are spiritual lion(靈獅), Da Mian(大面), Xiao Mian(小面), the content of performance is the interaction among them. The use of straw mat is different from other lion dance, which is the greatest feature of Hakka Lion. The environment and history background form the close relation between Hakka Lion and martial art.
The early periods of Hakka Lion performance were mostly on lunar New Year’s Days and temple fair festivities, and it is recently performed on business opening, break ground, and Hakka cultural activities, for the idea of auspicious sign and evil dispersion. Hakka Lion in Taiwan has influenced by social change, environment and humanism quality, the contents of performance, characters and structure are quite different, some mix with elements of wake lion and Taiwan lion, others innovate by themselves. The music of Hakka Lion performance mainly play with percussion instruments ,including drums, gongs, and cymbals to bring the tremendous momentum of performance through the stirring vibration.
Hakka Lion Groups have faced crises, such as aged members, difficulty on school impulsion, and suggest beginning with research, preservation, popularization, and inheritance
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