| dc.description.abstract | With South Chung-liao, containing eleven villages in the Pin-lin basin, and North Chung-liao, seven villages in Chung-pin basin, Chung-liao, Nantou County is located in the Chi-chi Mountains.Communication between the two parts is difficult due to the widening hills and different basins.Residents in Chung-liao come from Min nan People, Chao-an Hakkas, the Si-Xian and Hai-lu Hakka immigrants during the Japanese-occupied Period. However, the Hakka is not in use in most families because of the powerful influence of Southern Min. The research focuses on the second Hakka immigrants, and studies the Hakka contact in Chung-liao.
The research suggests the variant language pattern after the contact in Chung-liao has not been fixed, which means that phonetic features or phrases are more or less mixed with other secondary dialects. Apparent internal or personal differences often result from random code-switching.As a whole, the researcher concludes the following:
(1) Consonant is influenced by the Southern Min, thus producing –b consonant; some voiced consonant become voiceless; the mixture of the Si-Xian and Hai-lu Hakka brings about the apical voiced fricative j-consonant and zero consonant; two pronunciations co-exist with a set of ts, ts’ and s consonants;
(2) Hai-lu Hakka vowel from /i/ to /?/ is changing ;Hai-lu hakka labial after /-ui / are changed into Si-Xian hakka’’s /-i /；Hai-lu Hakka word suffix is replaced by /e/；the disappearance of vowel coda /-u/ and coda-m change into coda-n；Southern Min of vowel /-o /、/-u / and /-an / has infiltrated into the vocabulary Hakka。
(3) Under the influence of contact, more combinations and borrowings occur in the vocabulary. This phenomenon is explicated from three perspectives- partial borrowing, complete borrowing, and morphological borrowing.
(4) Influenced by the Si-Xian Hakka, the Hai-lu Hakka’s consonants and vowels are converging with Si-Xian with its tone unchanged, forming “Hai-Si” Hakka.
The Hakka in Chung-liao is disappearing. The phenomenon is clearer in South Chung-liao than in North Chung-liao while Hai-lu Hakka is disappearing faster than Si-Xian.The factors that lead to the Hakka’s disappearance and transformation are the remoteness of the country, dependence on the communities’ associations and religious ceremonies to cooperate and communicate. Economic development, adoptions, and marriages increase the dialect contacts between the Southern Min and Hakka. The under-estimated social recognition of the Hakka , re-hololization, migration of students and youngsters, and the popularization of Chinese all contribute to the disappearance of the Hakka.
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