| dc.description.abstract | Our living environment has transformed from agricultural society into an industrialized and commercial society, or further into the “electronic” society nowadays. Traditional mountain songs that used to be popularized at fields, rural villages and hills have disappeared, and the image of Hakka ancestors’ sensitive feeling, emerging thinking and lively singing with extemporization can no longer be seen again. The development of traditional mountain songs has forced to tend to become rigidity and marginalization. However, faced with these helpless facts that turned into today, the study on the historical background and cultural significance that implicated in the lyrics of traditional mountain songs has showed its urgency then.
This study has mainly took those 1016 mountain songs with numeral sentence-initial that collected by Mr. Jun-chang Liu, a retired teacher in Miaoli County, as the scope of research. Then, literature review and content analysis methods are adopted to carry out the survey, classification and analysis on the lyrics of mountain songs in order to understand the early life and cultural connotation of numerals for Hakka people; in addition, made explanation for the certainty of harmonization between the tune and melody for mountain songs and their tone and lyrics in order to restore the original intention of the special Hakka wording for the lyrics of mountain songs and the in-depth cultural connotation behind them. Moreover, this study has also explored the origin of Hakka mountain songs through making the comparison of the lyrics analysis between Hakka and She Clan mountain songs.
This study has proved these 2 following contentions: (１) Long songs have accounted about 65.5％ of the total mountain songs material in this study, which is the classification with the highest rate, and has also approved the contention of many scholars: Love songs are the majority of Hakka mountain songs. (2) Through the comparison between the sample score of mountain songs and the tone pitch of Si-Xian (4-county) accent Hakka lyrics, and accompanied with the comparing curve between the melody of mountain songs and the tone pitch of Si-Xian (4-county) accent Hakka lyrics, the result revealed that both curves were consistent or parallel, and proved that the melody change in mountain songs will be depended on cadence for the tone of Hakka language; furthermore, such outcome has also approved the musical characteristics of Hakka mountain songs are “completely combination of language and music” and “combination of character and song tones”. In addition, this study has also proved that Taiwan Hakka mountain songs have followed the Song Ko Hakka mountain songs with using the Si-Xian (4-county) accent Hakka language to sing.
At last, this study has discovered that regardless of 4-sentence, narrative or ancient mountain songs, the She Clan mountain songs were earlier than Hakka mountain songs; therefore, the origin of Hakka mountain songs shall have a significant correlation with She Clan.
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