| dc.description.abstract | Characters is carriers of culture, which can reappear the general situation of ancient times society, even though《Shuowen》is not the characters of the primitive time,but come under the influence, as well as 《Shuowen》receives the characters completely,so I select the characters about the human body and sickness of Chinese ancient times, and collocat the books of scriptures、literature material、inscriptions on bones and turtlebacks、inscriptions、anthropology、sociology、history、philology、natural science、medicine domain etc. Moreover, I refer to periodical papers and research results of the predecessors, and research on the characters of the glyph、the pronunciation and the meaning,in order to understand cognition of the human body and sickness of Chinese ancient times.
This article is composed of five chapters：The first chapter is a preface, that explains the research motive and the purpose, besides, limits the range of the study and method steps, furthermore, reviews the research results of the predecessors, points out the direction of the dissertation,to bring the research value and objective light,may open the mystical veil of the human body and sickness of Chinese ancient times under this foundation of the ancient creating the writing. The second chapter describes the origin of the China ancient times medicine simply,and analyzes the medical character in《Shuowen》simply,and describes the medicine history succinctly, explores ancient times medical technology, by the technique of praying or cursing for beginning,also including stone needle、acupuncture and moxibustion、massages、medicines etc,in order to understand how medical science sprouts from low-order work life, and has closely linked and inseparable connections with witchcraft, traces back to the source of the medical technology. The Third chapter collects the characters about the body constitution in《Shuowen》, and put this characters in order ：the character group of the head 、the face and the facial features、the character group of the the neck、the character group of the trunk、the character group of the limbs、the character group of the internal organs、the character group of the skin、the fat and the muscle、the character group of the blood vessel and the hair、the character group of the physique, which are classed as eight kinds, by way of analyzing to understand how the ancients observe and recognize the body. The fourth chapter collects the characters about the sickness in 《Shuowen》, in order that understand how sickness are named,first of all, compare the character group of disease with similarities and differences,then discuss and put them in order：the character group of the medical department、the character group of the surgical department、the character group of the facial features department and the mouth cavity department、the character group of the pediatrics department and the department of gynecology、the characters which are unable to classify, which are classed as five kinds, by way of analyzing to show how the ancient times medicine is developed and how the departments of medicine is demarcated finely. The fifth chapter is a summary,which discusses the viewpoints of the ancients synthetically about the human body and sickness from the angle of the characters.
The ancients know the bodies of themselves by direct observing in early stages,and the diseases are classed as many kinds by physical regions, according to the pictographic characters we can discover that the word-formations of the ancients are on fact,and find that the ancients don’t avoid dissecting human bodies,even they use the method to observe their bodies. The idea of maintaining complete dead bodies appears while our society gain ground gradually,and the medical science is changed by philosophical thinking. Reasons and principles that how sickness are named are in accordance with the cause of the disease、the symptom of the disease、the outcome of the disease.The names of the disease are becoming more and more complicated along with time evolution.
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