| dc.description.abstract | The sublimation temperature of pentacene and AlQ3 were successfully reduced for around 40°C and 120°C by the dispersed pentacene and AlQ3 in a poor solvent, like water, by insonating in a 10 mL scintillation vial with output frequency of 20 kHz, a voltage of 1500 V, and insonation time for 10 min at -13oC. Sonocrystallization made the pentacene powders with high lattice energy, and AlQ3 powders of the mixture of stable α-form and metastable ε-form under a low bulk temperature, therefore, the sublimation point was decreased. However, surface energy and impurities had nothing to do with the sublimation point depression. Because of the total radiant-heat-transfer rate between heated surfaces is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the reduction of the heating and cooling duty of the vapor-phase deposition method for the manufacturing of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), and photovoltaic (PV) cells could be made possible.
On the other hand, about 800 nm long, and 150 nm wide AlQ3 nanotubes were thermally deposited and grown on the 3-min boiled outer shell membrane (OSM), 15-min boiled OSM, and soluble eggshell membrane protein (SEP) film. The ESCA analysis showed that the boiled eggshell membrane and SEP possessed the cyclic anhydrides, O=C-O-C=O, and C=N bonds that provided more nucleation sites for the quinoline ligands of AlQ3 molecule. Surface diffusion model showed the AlQ3 molecules migrated over large distance along the nanotubes surface, reaching the open layer edges and extending the nanotubes, then this layers may propagated one after another with edges coupled by “lip-lip” interaction. This mechanism caused a higher population density of AlQ3 nanotubes and increased the surface area per unit volume to increase the PL emission intensity.
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