| dc.description.abstract | This dissertation elucidates the novel aspects of network analysis from both the input–output linkage and value-chain perspectives.
Chapter 2 discusses the effect of the industrial network on aggregate fluctuations at the country level. The input–output linkages between industries construct a network system. By combining the concepts of backward and forward linkages with the directed graph, I provide novel outdegree and indegree indices to exhibit industry’s network effect on aggregate fluctuations. Within the literature, researchers have discussed several hypotheses regarding the mechanism between aggregate fluctuations and micro-level shocks; the network effect is one of the newest theories in this field. In this dissertation, I provide cross-country empirical evidence demonstrating that the structure of the industrial network can affect aggregate fluctuations by using World Input–Output Database (WIOD). I further distinguish between the demand- and supply-driven network effects on various aggregate fluctuations, and obtain several findings regarding the network effects on different aggregate fluctuations, such as the fluctuations of investment and consumption.
In Chapter 3, the characteristics of industrial upstreamness are described. Input–output linkages reveal information about the value chain or the “upstreamness” of each industry and here I determine the relationship between upstreamness and degree indices and other variables regarding the structure of the production network among domestic industries. For example, considering both the direct and indirect effects, when one industry plays a stronger role as a “supplier” of intermediate goods and services in the network, it tends to have an upper position in the value chain. Conversely, if one industry has more weight as a “consumer” in the network system, it tends to have a lower position in the value chain. However, the relationships regarding the value chain position and network connection between different industries are various under a country-by-country comparison. For example, for the industry of electrical and optical equipment, intensive connections for both a supplier and consumer of intermediate inputs are related to an upper position in the value chain.
In Chapter 4, I turn to the topic of R&D and testify the effect of imported intermediate inputs on domestic R&D intensity. Empirical evidence is demonstrated that intermediate imports have a positive effect on the domestic R&D intensity under a wide range of cross-country and cross-industry comparison. Furthermore, the 2SLS empirical evidence in Chapter 4 mainly specifies the imported self-use intermediate inputs for manufacturing industries. The finding also indirectly supports the hypothesis that international diffusion of knowledge is systematically related to cross-border trade relationships.
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