| dc.description.abstract | Ting-Zhang(beating officer in palace) is an judicial corporal punishment, one specific sentence in Ming Dynasty, also one measurement beside law applied by emperor, to punish and intimidate officer. It started Eastern-Han Dynasty Guang-Wu Reign, until Ming Dynasty, It has became one of institutions, since Hong-Wu emperor apply Ting-Zhang to punish officer , all Ming Dynasty emperor therefore follow him to apply same method to punish or intimidate officer. First peak to apply Ting-Zhang in Ming Dynasty was Cheng-hua reign, most reason to apply Ting-Zhang was for minor mistake and still allow clothes to cover with, injury caused by was slight. In Cheng-te reign, the emperor is not interested in ruling, disregarded all state affairs, there was a particular Liu-Chin notorious for taking advantage of young emperor and manage in emperor’s name, further more it happen Ting-Zhang affair for giving suggestion to emperor in emperor traveling to south, all the above caused officer suffering by Ting-Zhang exceedingly. After Ting-Zhang once severely applied for Great-ritual- controversy, Chia-Ching used to suppress speaking by frequently applying Ting-Zhang, no matter suggest about Daoist priests, corruptive officer, or state mismanagement. Therefore, Cheng-Te Reign and Chia-Ching Reign is not only second peak, the affection and harm caused by is also beyond Cheng-hua reign.
Main factor to differentiate Ting-Zhang in Cheng-Te Reign and Chia-Ching Reign, was their personality and background. Cheng-Te is crown prince, enjoy luxury and pleasure life, disregard state affair, he is not purposely apply Ting-Zhang as tool to manage, neither care Liu-Chin apply Ting-Zhang in emperor’s name. Although he ever apply Ting-Zhang for exceedingly angry with officer try to stop his south traveling, he felt regret about this and abandon Ting-Zhang after this. Chia-Ching succeed to empire in qualification of prince instead of crown prince, he was frustrated in the beginning process to discuss Great-ritual- controversy, most officer intend to force him change mind by public opinion, Chia-Ching manage to end the controversy by apply Ting-Zhang. Thereafter, all officer turn to submit , it help Chia-Ching grant Ting-Zhang as helpful management tool to keep using. Viewing in Ting-Zhang itself, there are lots of similarities and differentiations between Cheng-Te Reign and Chia-Ching Reign. This article has purpose to know Ting-Zhang application during those periods, to discuss the meaning and what’s the different in those two periods .
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