多陽極光電倍增管閃爍相機之訊號讀出系統與高效最大可能性位置估算演算法開發

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姓名

李育霖(Yu-lin Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

多陽極光電倍增管閃爍相機之訊號讀出系統與高效最大可能性位置估算演算法開發
(Development of Compact Readout Electronics and Efficient Maximum Likelihood Position Estimator for a Multi-Anode-PMT Scintillation Camera)

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摘要(中)

本研究中，我們提出一應用在微型單光子電腦斷層掃描系統之閃爍晶石式伽瑪相機，此相機由NaI(Tl)閃爍晶石、多陽極光電倍增管讀出電路加上最大可能性位置估算法組成。
讀出電路部分包括陽極通道縮減電路、訊號處理電路和資料擷取系統輸出16通道的數位訊號給電腦做後續處理。此外，最大可能性位置估算法由多變數常態分佈模型建立，且利用截尾重心法加上局域方向導引式尋找法(T-COG+LDS)快速而準確的估算每筆伽瑪射線發生位置。在平均響應函數實驗中，我們使用TTL雷射模組並將雷射擴束成直徑18mm圓形光束去模擬伽瑪射線經過NaI(Tl)閃爍晶石後的光源分佈。
實驗結果T-COG+LDS方法比窮舉尋找法計算速度快了近150倍，並保有相同位置估算準確率，最後利用機率矩陣重新分配計數值使相機整體均勻度從99.8%下降至49.1%。

摘要(英)

In this study, a scintillation gamma camera applied to micro-SPECT is constructed. The camera is composed of a NaI(Tl) scintillator, compact readout electronics for a multi-anode PMT and a maximum-likelihood position estimator (ML-PE).
The readout electronics is consisted of the anodes channel reduction circuits, the signal processing circuits and a multi-channel DAQ system to output 16 channel digital signals to computer. Moreover, the MLPE is developed with the multivariate normal model and the truncated center-of-gravity combined with local directed search (T-COG+LDS) method to estimate the gamma-ray event position rapidly and accurately.
In the MDRF (mean detector response function) experiment, we used a TTL controlled laser with an expended beam of 18 mm diameter to mimic the light distribution at the PMT entrance face after a gamma ray hits the NaI(Tl) scintillator.
The experimental results showed that the T-COG+LDS method was faster than the exhaustive search by 150 times and maintained the same position estimation accuracy. Finally, we used the probability matrices to reassign counts and in consequence improved the camera integral uniformity from 99.8% down to 49.1%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 對稱分流電路
★ 平均偵測器響應函數
★ 多變數常態分佈模型
★ 截尾重心法
★ 局域方向導引式尋找法

關鍵字(英)

★ SCD
★ MDRF
★ Multivariate Normal Model
★ T-COG
★ LDS

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 xii
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.4 論文架構 5
第二章醫學影像的系統基本理論 6
2.1 核子醫學影像介紹 6
2.1.1 正子放射電腦斷層掃描攝影 6
2.1.2 微型單光子放射電腦斷層掃描攝影 9
2.2 伽瑪射線偵測器 10
2.2.1 半導體與閃爍晶石偵測器 11
2.2.2 光電倍增管物理 13
2.2.3 準直儀 15
2.2.4 位置估算方法 16
第三章多陽極光電倍增管讀出電路設計與製作 19
3.1 通道縮減電路 19
3.1.1 安格邏輯電路 (Anger Logic Circuit) 19
3.1.2複合式電路 (Hybrid Circuit) 20
3.1.3離散位置電路 (Discretized Positioning Circuit) 21
3.1.4 對稱分流電路 (Symmetric Charge Division Circuit) 23
3.2 訊號處理電路 24
3.2.1 放大器元件選用與特性探討 24
3.2.2前置放大器 29
3.2.3 塑型電路(Shaping Circuit) 35
3.2.4 二階低通濾波器 39
3.3 電路板製作 45
第四章位置估算方法與結果分析 49
4.1偵測器平均響應函數(Mean Detector Response Function, MDRF) 49
4.1.1 實驗架構 49
4.1.2 儀控程式 57
4.1.3 MDRF計算處理 59
4.2 伽瑪射線位置估算 60
4.2.1 位置估算方法 60
4.2.2位置估算結果 67
4.2.3 Flood Image 80
4.2.4 閃爍晶石背景輻射 94
第五章結論與未來展望 97
參考文獻 99

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指導教授

陳怡君(Yi-chun Chen)

審核日期

2013-8-14

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