Laser cooling and optical trapping of potassium with tunable interaction toward quantum gas production

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姓名

廖冠博(Guan-Bo Liao) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

物理學系

論文名稱

(Laser cooling and optical trapping of potassium with tunable interaction toward quantum gas production)

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摘要(中)

本實驗的目標是要實現鉀-39 原子的全光學式量子氣體，
我們透過小角度交叉重疊兩道光學陷阱(optical dipole
trap,ODT)來增加捕獲的原子數目並限縮原子在軸方向的運
動。使用這個長寬比小於 20 的複合式光學陷阱，可以穩定
補捉 1 ~ 2*106個鉀原子。然後我們使用磁費許巴赫共振技
術去控制原子間的交互作用，並測量了從 20 G 至 560 G 之
間的所有譜線，我們發現許多譜線在理論工作的文獻中有發
表，但目前沒有任何的實驗發表記錄，我們藉由費許巴赫共
振技術的幫助將鉀原子團的溫度降至 10 μk 以下時發現，S
波散射長度與二體彈性碰撞截面積被有效放大，藉由費許巴
赫共振的幫助，通過強制蒸發冷卻，最佳相空間密度提高到
7 *10-3。

摘要(英)

The goal of this experiment is to realize all-optical 39K Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC). We improved the trap loading of a near-IR laser by crossing two beams at a small angle for good loading and tighter axial con?nement. With this composite trap, we can routinely trap 1 ? 2×106 cold 39K atoms and con?ne them in a potential well with a trap aspect ratio of less than 20. We then used magnetic Feshbach resonance (FR) to control the atomic interaction in the optical trap. The S-wave scattering length is greatly tuned to improve the two-body elastic collision rate in the trap. We scanned the magnetic ?eld from 20 ? 560 G and found intra-spin and inter-spin resonances. Several peaks we found were predicted by literature but not experimental reported to our knowledge. With the help of FR, the best phase space density was increased to 7×10?3 by force evaporative cooling.

關鍵字(中)

★ 鉀-39 原子
★ 雷射冷卻
★ 光學陷阱
★ 磁費許巴赫共振

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

Contents
Abstract 2
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview . . . . .
1 1.2 Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 The Experimental Setup 3 2.1 Collision and Optical Property of Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Hyper?ne Splitting of Potassium . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Laser Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.4 Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.5 Doppler Temperature and Sub-Doppler Cooling . . . 10 2.6 Sub-Doppler Cooling of Potassium . . . . . . . . .11 2.7 Gray-molasses Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.8 Vacuum System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.8.1 Zeeman Slower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.9 Magnetic Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.10 Laser System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.10.1 Magnetic Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 2.11 Microwave and Programing Control System . . . . .24 2.12 Detection and Analyses of Ultracold Atoms . . . .25 2.13 Fluorescent Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 2.14 Absorption Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.15 Temperature Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 2.16 Density of a Trapped Thermal Cloud . . . . . . . 28 2.17 Trap Frequency Measurement . . . . . . . . 29
2.18 Collision Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 2.19 Phase Space Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
3 Optical Dipole Trap 32 3.1 The Principle of Optical Dipole Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.2 The Importance of ODT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.3 Crossed Dipole Trap Potential . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.4 Dipole Trap Loading Model . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.5 Thermalization and Evaporation in the ODT . . . . 41 3.6 Number of Atoms in the Center Region of the Crossed Dipole Trap . . . . . . . 44
3.7 Simulation Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . 45 3.8 Optimization of Crossed Optical Dipole Trap . . . 53 3.9 Laser Cooling in the Optical Dipole Trap . . . . .55
3.10 Optical Dipole Trap Setup . . . . . . . . . . . .59 3.10.1 One Body Life Time in ODT . . . . . . . . . . .59
4 Potassium Cold Collision Properties and Feshbach Resonance
4.1 Interaction in Dilute Gases . . . . . . . . .63
4.1.1 Finite Di?erence Method and Background Scattering Length of Singlet and Triplet Potential . . . . . . . 68 4.2 Scattering Length Adjustment by another Scattering Channel . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.3 Feshbach Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 4.4 Collision Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 4.5 Feshbach Resonance Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . 82 4.6 Spin Polarization by Magnetic Trap . . . . . . . 85 4.7 Molecular Formation by Feshbach Resonance . . . . 87 4.7.1 E?mov States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 4.8 Collision Rate Enhancement thorugh Feshbach Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.9 Force Evaporation Cooling and Toward Quantum Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5 Conclusion and Outlook 95
5.1 New Vacuum System and Gray-molasses Cooling Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.2 Summary and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
A Properties of Potassium 101
B Circuit 102 B.0.1 Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

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指導教授

張銘顯、陳賜原(Ming-Shien Chang Szu-yuan Chen)

審核日期

2017-9-25

推文