加速鋰離子傳輸技術中不同電極間距對離子傳輸行為的影響研究

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蔡欣妤(Hsin-Yu Tsai) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

加速鋰離子傳輸技術中不同電極間距對離子傳輸行為的影響研究

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摘要(中)

本研究採用加速鋰離子傳輸技術(Accelerated Lithium Migration Technique, ALMT)，對具有鹼質與粒料反應潛勢的混凝土試體施加電場，將對鹼–矽反應(ASR)有抑制效的鋰離子送入混凝土，同時將試體內會誘發ASR的鈉及鉀離子移除。
本研究進行的ALMT試驗施加60 V定電壓，分別以氫氧化鋰及飽和氫氧化鈣溶液作為陽極與陰極槽電解液，試驗改變的參數包括混凝土試體的粒料體積比例、水灰比及試體長度，藉監測陰極電解液內的鋰、鈉及鉀離子的濃度與累積電荷量關係，分析試體長度(電極間距)對離子傳輸的影響，以及傳輸的效能。當混凝土水灰比愈大，愈有利於離子傳輸，移出完成時間愈快，所耗費之電能愈低。當混凝土長度越長，其初始電流越小，離子傳輸越差，其系統阻抗會隨時間增加。當水灰比固定，施加定電壓60 V，8 cm試體受熱效應及表面碳酸鈣沉澱之影響，因此離子傳輸效能比長度16 cm之試體差；不同長度進行通電時，當水灰比為0.58及0.68，試體長度為24 cm以下，皆有較佳的離子傳輸，且移出之鹼含量皆達80 %以上，且ALMT試驗後，其內部鋰/(鈉+鉀)莫耳比皆高於建議值0.74，因此，實務應用ALMT時，適合的電極間距為24 cm以下可達到抑制作用。

摘要(英)

This research is apply Accelerated Lithium Migration Technique which use electrical drive lithium ions into concrete specimens and drive alkali out simultaneously ,the concrete specimens has alkali aggregate expansion reaction potential.
The specimens undergo 60 V constant voltage during the ALMT testing process. The anolyte and catholyte solutions consisted of 1L 1N LiOH．H2O and saturated Ca(OH)2, respectively. This research parameter conditions of testing such as the aggregate/paste ratio of concretes, the w/c ratio and the distance of electrodes of testing to find the distance of electrodes appropriately by the migration of ions relating to cumulative power. And analyze the effect on specimen length (distance between electrodes) for ion transmission, and the transmission performance. The results show that the concrete has higher water/cement ratio, it is beneficial for the migration of ions, the time of alkali to be removed is faster and the electricity consumed lesser and the the system resistance increases during the testing. The specimen of 8 cm is unbeneficial for the migration of ions, because the heat effect and precipitation of calcium carbonate on surface. When the specimen length under the 24 cm, it is beneficial for the migration of ions, and out of the alkali content is more than 80 %, and the Li/(Na+K) molar ratio were higer than the recommend value of 0.74, it is the appropriate range of distance between electrodes.

關鍵字(中)

★ 鹼-矽反應
★ 電化學
★ 電極間距
★ 加速鋰離子傳輸技術

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

中文摘要 ............................................................................................. Ⅰ
英文摘要 ............................................................................................. Ⅱ
誌謝 .................................................................................................... Ⅲ
目錄 .................................................................................................... Ⅳ
圖目錄 ................................................................................................. Ⅸ
表目錄 .............................................................................................. XIV
第一章緒論 .......................................................................................... 1
1-1 研究起源與動機 ................................................................... 1
1-2 研究目的 .............................................................................. 2
第二章文獻回顧 ............................................................................... 3
2-1 鹼質與粒料反應種類 ........................................................... 3
2-1-1 鹼-氧化矽反應(ASR) .................................................... 3
2-1-2 鹼-矽酸鹽反應 ............................................................ 4
2-1-3 鹼-碳酸鹽反應(ACR) .................................................. 4
2-2 鹼質與粒料反應徵候 ........................................................... 5
2-2-1 混凝土構造物外觀徵候 ................................................ 5
2-2-2 混凝土構造物內部徵候 ................................................ 6
2-3 鹼質與粒料反應之機理 ....................................................... 8
2-3-1 鹼質與粒料反應之條件 ................................................ 8
2-3-2鹼質與粒料反應機理 ................................................... 10
2-4 鋰化合物抑制鹼質與粒料反應 .......................................... 12
2-4-1鋰化合物抑制鹼質與粒料反應之機理 ........................ 12
2-4-2 鋰化合物抑制鹼質與粒料反應之有效用量 ................ 13
2-5 電化學技術用於維修硬固混凝土 ...................................... 13
2-5-1 陰極防蝕法 ............................................................... 14
2-5-2 電化學去鹽法 ........................................................... 18
2-5-3 電化學還鹼法 ........................................................... 19
2-6 新拌混凝土預防鹼質與粒料之方法 .................................. 20
2-6-1 使用無活性之粒料 .................................................... 20
2-6-2 使用低鹼水泥 ........................................................... 20
2-6-3 使用輔助膠結材料 .................................................... 21
2-6-4 使用化學添加劑 ........................................................ 21
2-7 硬固混凝土預防ASR 之方法 ........................................... 22
2-7-1 硬固混凝土傳統維修方法 ........................................ 22
2-7-2 噴灑法 ....................................................................... 22
2-7-3 真空浸漬法 ............................................................... 23
2-7-4 硬固混凝土加壓維修方法 ........................................ 24
2-7-5 硬固混凝土化學維修方法 ........................................ 25
第三章試驗規劃 ................................................................................ 32
3-1 初步試驗 ............................................................................ 32
3-1-1 初步試驗設計與配比 .................................................. 32
3-1-2 材料級配 ..................................................................... 32 3-1-3 試驗方法 ..................................................................... 32 3-1-4 初步試驗結果 ............................................................. 35
3-2 研究計畫 ............................................................................ 39
3-3 試驗材料 ............................................................................ 41
3-3-1 水泥 ............................................................................. 41
3-3-2 拌合水 ......................................................................... 42
3-3-3 試驗用粒料 ................................................................. 42
3-3-4 調整含鹼當量之藥劑 .................................................. 43
3-4 試體配比設計與符號說明 ................................................. 43
3-5 試驗方法與儀器設備 ......................................................... 45
3-5-1 粒料處理 ..................................................................... 45
3-5-2 混凝土試體拌製 .......................................................... 46
3-5-3 試體養護 ..................................................................... 48
3-5-4 試體切割 ..................................................................... 48
3-5-5 超音波混凝土試驗 ...................................................... 50
3-5-6 試體磨平、篩選 .......................................................... 50
3-5-7 試體通電前處理 .......................................................... 51
3-5-8 ALMT 介紹 ................................................................. 54 3-5-9 ALMT 通電模具 .......................................................... 54 3-5-10 離子濃度監測 ........................................................... 57
3-5-11 圓柱抗壓試驗 ............................................................ 60 3-5-12 試體內離子分佈 ........................................................ 60
第四章結果與討論 ............................................................................. 63
4-1 圓柱試體通電前後耐久性之影響 ...................................... 64
4-1-1 抗壓強度 ................................................................... 64
4-1-2 圓柱試體超音波波速變化 ........................................ 66
4-2 ALMT試驗之陽離子傳輸行為 .......................................... 67
4-2-1 鋰離子、鈉離子及鉀離子傳輸過程 ......................... 67
4-2-2 鈉離子及鉀離子移出行為 ........................................ 70
4-2-3 鋰離子的傳輸行為 .................................................... 71
4-3 不同水灰比變化對通電成效之影響 .................................. 72
4-3-1 系統阻抗變化 ........................................................... 72
4-3-2 不同水灰比對鋰離子傳輸行為 ................................. 77
4-3-3 不同水灰比對鈉離子及鉀離子移出行為 ................. 79
4-3-4 不同水灰比對是體內鋰離子、鈉離子及鉀離子含量之
影響 ........................................................................... 83
4-3-5不同水灰比變化對通電成效影響之小結 .................. 86
4-4 粒料體積比變化對通電成效之影響 .................................. 86
4-4-1 系統阻抗變化 ........................................................... 87
4-4-2 粒料體積比變化對鋰離子傳輸行為 ......................... 88
4-4-3 粒料體積比變化對鈉離子及鉀離子移出行為 .......... 90
4-4-4 不同粒料體積比對試體內鋰、鈉及鉀離子含量之影響 ................................................................................... 91
4-4-5 粒料體積比變化對通電成效影響之小結 ................. 95
4-5 長度變化對通電成效之影響 .............................................. 95
4-5-1 系統阻抗變化 ........................................................... 96
4-5-2 長度變化對鋰離子傳輸行為 ................................... 101
4-5-3 長度變化對鈉離子及鉀離子移出行為 ................... 105
4-5-4 長度變化對是體內鋰離子、鈉離子及鉀離子含量之影響 ............................................................................. 114
4-5-5 造成8 cm試體鈉離子及鉀離子移出百分比減少之因素 ................................................................................. 124
4-5-6 不同長度通電成效總量整理 ................................... 126
4-5-7 長度變化對通電成效影響之小結 ........................... 128
第五章結論與建議 ........................................................................... 130
5-1 結論 .................................................................................. 130
5-2 建議 .................................................................................. 131
參考文獻 ........................................................................................... 132

參考文獻

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指導教授

李釗

審核日期

2013-8-28

推文