垂直軸風力發電機之氣動聲學特性

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姓名

高國峻(KAO, KUO-CHUN) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

垂直軸風力發電機之氣動聲學特性
(Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine)

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摘要(中)

本研究探討垂直軸風力渦輪機之聲學特性，利用ANSYS FLUENT計算風力機周邊之流場，並使用其Acoustics Model進行聲學模擬，氣動聲學之理論中藉由FW-H 方程式，風力機葉片上之速度與壓力可選為聲源，其物理意義為單極子與偶極子；此外由permeable FW-H 方程式，聲源可為包含葉片與紊流流場之流體介面，意義為包含單極子、偶極子與四極子的影響，並針對不同聲源設定，在不同風速、轉速下進行模擬。
由數值結果發現在不包含塔架的模擬中，最大聲壓位準發生在人耳無法接收的葉片通過頻率上；此外由紊流產生的寬頻噪音則發生在200Hz至500Hz，隨轉速而上升，且紊流寬頻噪音為風力機主要的噪音源。此外在包含塔架的模擬中，最大聲壓位準之發生頻率仍隨轉速而上升。此項研究可提供研究人員一套模擬方法，有助於分析風力之氣動噪音，並幫助風力機開發與設計。

摘要(英)

In this study, the aeroacoustic characteristics of a small vertical axis wind turbine are analyzed by using ANSYS FLUENT. The FW-H theory with a permeable surface is chosen for formulation. The pressure and the velocity on the rotating blades surface provide the monopoles and dipoles while turbulences surrounding the blades give the quadrupole effect. Then, the aeroacoustic noise due to the rotating wind turbine are investigated for different wind speeds and rotating frequencies.
For a simple model of blades with or without considering the supporting tower, the numerical results show that the maximum sound pressure, due to blade rotating, usually occurs at the blade passing frequency although it is in the subsonic region. There is additional broadband noise, resulted from turbulences, near the frequency region 200Hz to 500 Hz. Actually, the broadband noise dominates the sound from a turbine. The maximum sound pressure level and its corresponding frequency usually increase with rotational frequency.

關鍵字(中)

★ 垂直軸風力機
★ ANSYS FLUENT
★ 氣動聲學
★ FW-H方程式

關鍵字(英)

★ Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
★ ANSYS FLUENT
★ Aeroacoustics
★ FW-H equation

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XV
符號說明 XVI
第一章緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-3 論文架構 6
第二章基本理論 8
2-1 計算流體力學 8
2-1-1 有限體積法 8
2-1-2 紊流模型 9
2-2 氣動聲學 10
2-2-1 萊特希爾聲學類比理論 11
2-2-2 Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings方程式 13
2-2-3 計算氣動聲學 14
2-3 聲學基本定理 17
2-3-1 聲強(Acoustic Intensity) 17
2-3-2 聲壓位準(Sound Pressure Level, SPL) 17
2-3-3 總聲壓位準(Overall Sound Pressure Level, OASPL) 18
2-3-4 葉片通過頻率(Blade Passing Frequency, BPF) 18
2-4 寬頻噪音(Broadband Noise) 18
2-4-1 入口紊流噪音 19
2-4-2 翼面後緣噪音 20
第三章數值模型 21
3-1 數值模擬軟體簡介 21
3-2 前處理 21
3-2-1 幾何外型 21
3-2-2 壁面函數 22
3-2-3 邊界條件 22
3-2-4 網格 23
3-3 流場數值方法 23
3-3-1 求解流程 24
3-3-2 二階上風法(Second-Order Upwind Scheme) 24
3-3-3 收斂條件 25
3-4 聲學分析 25
3-4-1 方法與流程 25
3-4-2 時間步階之影響分析 26
3-4-3 聲源設定之影響分析 27
3-4-4 取樣週期之影響分析 28
3-4-5 聲學分析之總結 29
3-5 ANSYS FLUENT與LMS Virtual.Lab之比較 29
第四章無塔架之聲學數值結果與討論 31
4-1 固定風速之聲學分析 32
4-1-1 風速12m/s之聲學分析 32
4-1-2 風速8m/s之聲學分析 36
4-1-3 固定風速綜合討論 39
4-2 固定轉速之聲學分析 40
4-2-1 轉速12rad/s之聲學分析 40
4-2-2 轉速8rad/s之聲學分析 43
4-2-3 固定轉速綜合討論 44
4-3 綜合討論 45
第五章含塔架之聲學數值結果與討論 48
5-1 含塔架之聲學分析 48
5-2 有無包含塔架對於聲學特性之影響 51
5-3 綜合討論 53
第六章結論與未來展望 55
6-1 結論 55
6-2 未來展望 57
參考文獻 59

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指導教授

黃以玫

審核日期

2013-7-24

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