高壓氫壓縮機用之儲氫合金開發

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姓名

柯涼友(Liang-Yu Ke) 查詢紙本館藏

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材料科學與工程研究所

論文名稱

高壓氫壓縮機用之儲氫合金開發
(Development of Metal-Hydride for High-Pressure Hydrogen Thermal Compressor)

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摘要(中)

本研究利用電弧熔煉法，備製兩階段壓縮機用儲氫合金，分別為用於第一階段之La0.6Ce0.4Ni5+x (x=0~3)系合金、與用於第二階段之Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.9-yCr0.9-yNi0.2+2y(y=0,0.1)系合金，結果顯示在100℃下，氫氣壓力可從35atm被提升到400atm。
用於第一階段氫壓縮機的La基儲氫合金為La0.6Ce0.4Ni6 合金，由於Ce的取代，導致合金晶格體積縮小，加上額外Ni的析出物束縛效應，有效提升合金的吸放氫平台壓，經由第一階段的壓縮，可將20℃下壓力約為35atm的外加氫氣缸瓶升壓到在100℃下的120atm，此一La0.6Ce0.4Ni6作為第一階段氫壓縮合金，具有中等儲氫量（1.05wt%）、高放氫平台壓（26atm）及低遲滯效應（0.34）的優點。
而第二階段氫壓縮機的Ti基儲氫合金為Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.8Cr0.8Ni0.4合金，以Ni部分取代較大原子的Mn及Cr，可使晶格體積略微縮小，導致吸放氫平台壓上升。可將第一階段所壓縮產生的氫氣，於20℃下，以77atm的壓力升壓到100℃下的400atm。此一Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.8Cr0.8Ni0.4合金，具有高放氫平台壓(42.81atm)、高壓縮率(5.3)及低遲滯效應（0.32）的優點。
因為兩系合金各自有其特色與優點，La基合金具有低壓穩定迅速吸氫，以及高溫放氫較完全的特點，選用此系合金作為第一階段氫壓縮材料；Ti基合金，放氫平台壓高且遲滯效應小，適合於相對高壓進行吸氫動作，能迅速吸收氫氣，進而縮減二階段充氫時間，增進此二階段氫壓縮機效率，於100℃下提供400atm的高壓氫氣。

摘要(英)

In this research, the hydrogen storage alloys of tow-stage compresser are prepared by arc-melting. There are La0.6Ce0.4Ni5+x (x=0~3) serious alloys and Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.9-yCr0.9-yNi0.2+2y(y=0,0.1) serious alloys, which will be used in first-atage and second-stage hydrogen thermal compressers respectively. The results show up that the pressure of hydrogen gas can be compressed from 35atm to 400atm under 100℃.
The La-based hydrogen storage alloy be used in the first-stage hydrogen thermal compresser is La0.6Ce0.4Ni6. By the substitution of Ce, the volume of the crystal unit cell is shrinkaged. In addition to the boundary effect of extra Ni priciptation will lift the adsorption and desorption plateau powerfully. Through first-stage compression, the commercial hydrogen gas can be compressed from 35atm(20℃) to 120atm(100℃). This La0.6Ce0.4Ni6 alloy, used in the first-stage hydrogen compresser, has medium hydrogen-storage quantity(1.05wt%)、high desorption plateau(26atm) and low hystersis effect(0.34).
And the Ti-based hydrogen storage alloy used in the second-stage hydrogen thermal compresser is Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.8Cr0.8Ni0.4. By the Ni substitution of larger atoms such as Mn and Cr, the volume of the crystal unit cell will shrinkage lightly and lead the plateau pressure higher. The hydrogen gas produced from first-stage compresser can be compressed from 77atm(20℃) to 400atm(100℃). This Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.8Cr0.8Ni0.4 alloy has advantages such as high desorption plateau(42.81atm)、high compression ratio(5.3) and low hysteresis effect(0.32).
The two systems of alloys have their own characteristics and advantages, the La based alloys can adsorb hydrogen stably and quickly under low pressure, and desorb hydeogen more completely at high temperature, so that choose this serious alloys to be the material of first-stage hydrogen compresser. The Ti based alloys have high desorption plateau and small hysteresis, and suitable to adsorb hydrogen gas quickly under relative high pressure. In addition to shorten the hydration time of the second stage and improve the efficiency to supply 400atm high pressure hydrogen gas under 100℃.

關鍵字(中)

★ 儲氫合金
★ LaNi5
★ XRD
★ PCI

關鍵字(英)

★ Hydrogen storage alloys
★ LaNi5
★ XRD
★ PCI

論文目次

目錄
一、前言與文獻回顧 1
1.1儲氫合金的發展 1
1.2 儲氫合金吸放氫原理 2
1.3 儲氫合金種類與介紹 5
1.4 La-Ni系列儲氫合金 8
1.5 儲氫合金應用－氫壓縮機 10
1.6 金屬氫化物氫壓縮機用材料 11
1.7實驗目的 15
二、實驗步驟與方法 16
2.1實驗流程 16
2.2真空電弧熔煉法(Vaccum Arc-Melting) 合金製備 16
2.3 X光粉末繞射分析 17
2.4合金微結構分析 17
2.5 合金儲放氫特性測試 18
2.6 氫壓縮測試 19
三、金屬氫化物氫壓縮機設計 20
3.1 氫壓縮機系統介紹 20
3.2 自製金屬氫化物氫壓縮機系統 21
四、實驗結果 26
4.1 La0.6Ce0.4Ni5+x (x=0,1,2 and 3)系合金 26
4.2 Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.9-yCr0.9-yNi0.2+2y(y=0,0.1)系合金 33
4.3 二階段式氫壓縮測試 37
五、結論 41
六、參考文獻 42
圖目錄
圖1.1 儲氫合金(a)吸氫(b)放氫的反應機制 3
圖1.2恆溫下壓力-組成曲線圖(PCI)示意圖 4
圖1.3 PCT曲線與Van’t Hoff定律的關係 5
圖1.4 La-Ni二元相圖 8
圖1.5 PDSC curves of the (A) LaNi5–H2 (B) LaNi6–H2 (C) LaNi8–H2 systems 9
圖1.6 P-C-I of LaNi5+x (x=0,1,3)at 313K 9
圖1.7金屬氫化物氫壓縮機原理示意圖：(a)Van’t Hoff曲線圖(b)理想儲氫合金PCI曲線圖 10
圖1.8 TiCrMn0.55Fe0.3V0.15及Ti0.95Zr0.05Cr1.2Mn0.8在20℃和60℃之PCI曲線圖 14
圖1.9二階段氫壓縮之Van’t Hoff曲線圖 15
圖2.1 真空電弧熔煉爐示意圖 17
圖3.1金屬氫化物氫壓縮機系統示意圖 20
圖3.2金屬氫化物氫壓縮機系統簡圖 22
圖3.3 金屬氫化物氫壓縮機反應腔體 22
圖3.4金屬氫化物氫壓縮機單階段氫壓縮示意圖 24
圖3.5金屬氫化物氫壓縮機單階段氫壓縮連續放氫模式示意圖 24
圖3.6金屬氫化物氫壓縮機二階段氫壓縮模式示意圖 25
圖4.1 La0.6Ce0.4Ni5+x (x=0,1,2 and 3)合金XRD分析圖 26
圖4.2 La0.6Ce0.4Ni5合金高倍率BEI之微結構圖 27
圖4.3 (a)高倍率與(b)低倍率下之La0.6Ce0.4Ni6合金BEI微結構 27
圖4.4(a)高倍率與(b)低倍率下之La0.6Ce0.4Ni8合金BEI微結構 28
圖4.5 (a)高倍率與(b)低倍率下之熱處理La0.6Ce0.4Ni5合金BEI微結構 29
圖4.6 (a)高倍率與(b)低倍率下之熱處理La0.6Ce0.4Ni6合金BEI微結構 29
圖4.7(a)高倍率與(b)低倍率下之熱處理La0.6Ce0.4Ni8合金BEI微結構 29
圖4.8 La0.6Ce0.4Ni5+x (x=0,1,2 and 3)系列合金20℃之PCI曲線圖 30
圖4.9 La0.6Ce0.4Ni6 合金20℃、50℃及100℃之PCI曲線圖 31
圖4.10 La0.6Ce0.4Ni5+x (x=0,1,2 and 3)系列合金20℃之吸放氫動力曲線圖 32
圖4.11 Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.9-yCr0.9-yNi0.2+2y(y=0,0.1)系列合金XRD分析圖 33
圖4.12 (a)高倍率與(b)低倍率下之Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.9Cr0.9Ni0.2合金BEI微結構 34
圖4.13 (a)高倍率與(b)低倍率下之Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.8Cr0.8Ni0.4合金BEI微結構 34
圖4.14 Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.9-yCr0.9-yNi0.2+2y(y=0,0.1)系列合金20℃之PCI曲線圖 35
圖4.15 Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.8Cr0.8Ni0.4 合金20℃及50℃之PCI曲線圖 36
圖4.16 Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.9-yCr0.9-yNi0.2+2y(y=0,0.1)系列合金20℃之吸放氫動力曲線圖 37
圖4.17 La0.6Ce0.4Ni6 於100℃下氫壓縮測試曲線圖 38
圖4.18 Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn0.8Cr0.8Ni0.4 於100℃下氫壓縮測試曲線圖 39
圖4.19 二階段氫壓縮Van’t Hoff曲線圖 39
表目錄
表1.1 各種儲存方式中體積密度的比較 2
表1.2 五種類型儲氫合金代表合金與吸放氫性質 5
表4.1 La基合金吸放氫平台壓 30
表4.2 Ti基合金吸放氫平台壓 35

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指導教授

李勝隆(Sheng-Long Lee)

審核日期

2013-8-14

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