博碩士論文 100356002 詳細資訊




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姓名 李孝軍(Shiau-jiun Lee)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 環境工程研究所
論文名稱 國內特定事業放流水戴奧辛類化合物含量探討
(Measurements of Dioxin-Like Compounds in Industrial Wastewater Effluents)
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摘要(中) 戴奧辛與戴奧辛類多氯聯苯具有環境荷爾蒙的特性,被聯合國環境規劃署列為斯德哥爾摩公約中優先管制的持久性有機污染物,對人體的健康深具影響。
本研究針對數種具代表性的事業共25座廠址放流水中戴奧辛及戴奧辛類多氯聯苯含量進行檢測分析。調查結果毒性當量方面戴奧辛/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)濃度介於0.067~112 pg WHO-TEQ/L,就毒性當量而言PCDDs 7種同源物當中以1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD為主要貢獻物種,而PCDFs 10種同源物當中則以2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF為主要貢獻物種;另戴奧辛類多氯聯苯(DLPCBs)毒性當量濃度則介於0.003~0.616 pg WHO-TEQ/L,12種同源物當中以PCB#126(3,4,5,3’,4’-PeCB)為主要貢獻物種。顯示在毒性當量方面本研究的PCDD/Fs與DLPBCBs多種同源物當中以低氯數的五氯同源物貢獻度最高。
另在樣品檢測的原始物種濃度方面,PCDD/Fs以高氯數的OCDD、OCDF為優勢物種;DLPCBs則以PCB#118為優勢物種。
就整體樣品而言,當中除了某一醫院放流水之外,其餘樣品測值皆在國內現行的放流水管制標準值以內,並未高於鄰國日本。
本研究中另針對4個工業區污水處理廠同時採集放流水與放流口底泥進行檢測比對,結果顯示放流水戴奧辛同源物與底泥戴奧辛同源物濃度分布極為類似,顯示事業放流水戴奧辛類化合物的總毒性當量不高原因,有可能並非因為受到破壞或分解而是移轉至污泥中。事業廢水排放之前若能有效進行懸浮粒狀物的攔截、沉降、濾除等程序並妥處最終污泥,將可降低排放廢水中的戴奧辛類化合物。
摘要(英) Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), which include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have been listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). PCDD/Fs and DLPCBs are considered as environmental hormones with high toxicity to human health and environment.
In this study, PCDD/Fs and DLPCBs from 25 wastewater facilities were analyzed and characterized. The results indicate that the toxic equivalents of PCDD/Fs released from 25 industrial facilities range from 0.067 to 112 pg WHO-TEQ/L. The compound 1,2,3,7,8- pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was found to contribute the most TEQ among 7 PCDD congeners and 2,3,4,7,8- pentachlorodibenzofuran was of the highest TEQ among 10 PCDF congeners. The toxic equivalent of DLPCBs range from 0.003 to 0.616 pg WHO-TEQ/L. It was found that 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#126) is the primary contributor among 12 DLPCB congeners. This result indicates the 5 chlorine substitutes have the greatest contribution to the toxic equivalent of PCDD/Fs. However, octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) is of the highest concentration among chlorinated substituted PCDD/Fs and PCB#118 is of the highest concentration of DLPCBs. Except one medical facility, the overall analytic PCDD/Fs concentrations from 25 facilities are below national effluent discharge standard(10 pg I-TEQ/L).
This study also includes sediment samples collected from 4 industrial effluent discharge sites where liquid samples were also taken. The concentration and distribution of dioxin in the sediments are comparable to the liquid samples, which suggest that it was due to mass transfer, not decomposition or degradation of dioxins in the sediment. However, the DLCs can be effectively reduced by proper precipitation and filtration of suspended solids (SS) before liquid effluent is discharged out of facilities.
關鍵字(中) ★ 戴奧辛
★ 戴奧辛類多氯聯苯
★ 事業放流水
★ 同源物
關鍵字(英) ★ Dioxin
★ Dioxin-Like polychlorinated Biphenyls
★ Liquid Effluent
★ Congeners
論文目次 目 錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
ABSTRACT……………………………………….…..….….…………Ⅱ
致謝……………………………………………………………………..Ⅵ
圖目錄………………………………………………………..…………Ⅶ
表目錄…………………………………………………………………. Ⅹ
第一章 前言……………………………………………………....…….1
1.1 研究緣起…………………………………………………..…....1
1.2 研究目的與項目…………………………………….…..……...2
1.2.1 研究目的………………………………...…………..…..2
1.2.2 研究項目………………………………………...……....2
第二章 文獻回顧… …………….……………………….…….……….3
2.1 戴奧辛的特性…………………………..………….…..……….3
2.2 戴奧辛生成的機制……………………………..……….……...6
2.3 水體中戴奧辛的主要排放源…………………………….…….9
2.4 國際與國內事業廢水之戴奧辛的排放……………….……....11
2.4.1 紐西蘭廢水排放戴奧辛資料……………………..……11
2.4.2 日本廢水排放戴奧辛資料……..………..…………..…12
2.4.3 澳洲廢水排放戴奧辛資料……..………..…………..…13
2.4.4 其他廢水排放戴奧辛資料………………………...…...16
2.4.5 國內廢水排放戴奧辛資料……………………….17 2.5國際與國內戴奧辛排放清單與管制現況………19
2.5.1 聯合國戴奧辛排放清單……………………….…...…..19
2.5.2 歐盟戴奧辛排放管制標準………….……………..…...19
2.5.3 日本戴奧辛排放清單與管制現況…………………..…22
2.5.4 美國戴奧辛排放清單與管制現況…………………..…26
2.5.5 中國戴奧辛排放清單與管制現況…………………..…28
2.5.6 我國戴奧辛排放清單與管制現況.………………..…...30
第三章 研究方法.……….………………………………………..…....34
3.1 採樣規劃.………………………………………………..…..…34
3.2 戴奧辛採樣分析………………………………………..……..35
3.2.1 水質樣品採樣………………………………………..…35
3.2.2 樣品處理/品保與品管.…………………………..……..41
第四章 結果與討論……………….………………………...…..……..48
4.1 廢水樣品戴奧辛檢測結果………………………….…..……..48
4.2 各事業放流水中戴奧辛特徵……………………………..…...58
4.2.1 造紙、紙漿業………………………………………..... 58
4.2.2 大型垃圾焚化廠……………..……….…………..….…62
4.2.3 醫療事業廢棄物焚化廠...………………..………….…69
4.2.4 鋁金屬壓延、煉鋼與煉鋁………………..……………74
4.2.5 工業區污水處理廠……………………..………...….…82
4.2.6 其他業別………………………..…..…………….….…87
4.3 工業區放流口底泥戴奧辛特徵.……………………...……….91
第五章 結論與建議.………………………………………..……….…99
5.1 結論……………….…………………….……..….……………99
5.2 建議……………………..………….………..…………..……100
參考文獻………………………………………….……….…………..101
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56. 張木彬、林傑、張簡國平、巫培農、蔡憲昇、黃鴻期、曾亦宏,「都市垃圾焚化廠及電弧爐煉鋼廠煙道排氣及灰份中戴奧辛濃度及物種分布研究計畫」,行政院環境保護署,2002。
57.張木彬、陳美蓮、紀凱獻、蔡鄢安、李夙斐、廖凱威、洪保鎮、張書豪、練建國、林建平,「戴奧辛排放調查及管制策略研擬計畫」,行政院環境保護署,2011。
58.杜敬民,「台灣地區廢水中戴奧辛排放評估與非法棄置飛灰來源查證技術建立之研究」,清華大學,博士論文,2001。
59.蔡清蘭、陳元武、翁英明、謝季吟,「放流水中戴奧辛及戴奧辛類多氯聯苯之含量調查」,環境分析化學研討會,2011。
60.行政院勞工安全衛生研究所,「作業環境有害物暴露調查與對策技術資料(16)-戴奧辛(煉鋁業)」,2005。
61.李宜欣、林志安、葉柏宏、李連堯、鄭婉儀、林子瑋,「持久性有機污染物環境資料及戴奧辛資訊整合計畫」,行政院環境保護署,2012。
62.蔡清蘭、吳仲平、許元正、彭瑞華、翁英明,「環境水體中戴奧辛特性研究」,環境調查研究年報第16期,行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所,2009。
63.張木彬、張書豪、洪保鎮、張家嘉、葉柏宏、邱嘉明,「99年度有害事業廢棄物戴奧辛及重金屬管制之調查與評估專案研究計畫」,行政院環境保護署,2010。
64.朱敬平、鍾裕仁、許國恩、黃欣栩、江家菱、王郁萱、許家銓、黃育 德、胡雁翠、烏春梅、吳碩傳,「事業廢水特性調查及污染管制措施研議計畫」,行政院環境保護署,2012。
指導教授 張木彬(Moo-Been Chang) 審核日期 2013-7-26
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