DINSAR TECHNIQUE BY USING ALOS PALSAR IMAGERY FOR MONITORING LAND DEFORMATION AFTER MORAKOT TYPHOON

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張柔娜(Ruzana Dhiauddin Ishaq) 查詢紙本館藏

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遙測科技碩士學位學程

論文名稱

(DINSAR TECHNIQUE BY USING ALOS PALSAR IMAGERY FOR MONITORING LAND DEFORMATION AFTER MORAKOT TYPHOON)

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摘要(中)

各個地區自然災害的發生與破壞，常常會造成重大損失。其中以人員傷亡、環境變遷與地形劇變等等為災害常見的情況。而台灣有著極端的氣候變化，其中最常見的天然災害為颱風，就每年七月至十月而言常有四個颱風通過台灣。因地表變形和上述災害有正向相關，故可藉由地形變化偵測來分析颱風造成災害的分布情況。因此，本研究是以2009年八月七日莫拉克颱風造成巨大的損害為例，運用JAXA的ALOS PALSAR影像來評估颱風造成的地表變形。運用方法即為多軌跡的差分合成孔徑干涉雷達(DInSAR)來建立不同時間影像的干涉條紋，再利用干涉條紋估算地表變形量。步驟分別為建立干涉條紋、消除地球曲率、影像遮罩處理、相位解纏等，最後得到數值地形模型(DEM)和地表變形。在多軌跡的方法中，使用莫拉克颱風前後的地形所產生的相位差估算地表變形，藉此得到颱風前後的變化。而在結果中可以清楚看到，颱風造成特定區域變形較大，可能有土石流或滑動的跡象，也許不太適合居住。最後，期望這些資訊能夠系統化的提供給政府做都市規劃和災害防治等評估，以期得到良好成效。

摘要(英)

Natural disasters cause damages and occur in many countries. When hit by natural disasters, the countries would suffer from losing a large number of residents, environmental damage and surface deformation. Taiwan has a humid tropical climate and it frequently pass through by 4 typhoons between July and October each year. One of the biggest typhoons was Typhoon Morakot, which struck Taiwan from 7–9 August in 2009.
ALOS PALSAR time series images by JAXA were employed in this study to examine land deformation that might be occurred after Morakot Typhoon in the study area. Multi-pass approach DInSAR was applied and the interferogram of each pair were generated, that each of them gave the information about surface changes of two images took from two different times. The processing steps including the interferogram generation for each pair, interferogram flattening and filtering, phase-unwrapping, DEM and displacement map generation. In multi-pass approach, topography-related phase can be estimated using DEM generated from an independent interferometric pair, we prefer to estimate it from the image pair acquired before Morakot happened, and finally, the displacement map and its exact value were obtained. The purpose of this study was to investigate the deformation that affected by Morakot Typhoon over the study area (in the middle of Taiwan). The locations with higher surface deformation are obviously are unsafe for residential purpose. In addition, the result of this study hopefully can provide meaningful information for the government to do the urban planning and disaster management in the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ ALOS PALSAR影像
★ 差分干涉雷達
★ 天然災害
★ 地表變形

關鍵字(英)

★ ALOS PALSAR images
★ DInSAR
★ natural disasters
★ surface deformation

論文目次

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
TABLE OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 The Study Area 2
1.3 The Research Objective 3
1.4 Thesis Outline 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Radar 5
2.2 Real Aperture Radar (RAR) 5
2.3 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 6
2.4 InSAR 7
2.5 DInSAR 8
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 10
3.1 ALOS PALSAR 10
3.3 Data Processing 12
3.3.1 Single Look Complex (slc) 12
3.3.2 Baseline Estimation 13
3.3.3 Interferogram Generation with DEM 14
3.3.4 Interferogram Flattening 14
3.3.5 Filtering and Coherence Generation 14
3.3.6 Phase Unwrapping 15
(1) Minimum-Cost Flow 16
(2) Fusion Algorithm 16
(2.1) Least-Squares Algorithm 17
(2.2) Region-Growing 17
3.3.7 Refinement and Re-flattening 20
3.3.8 Phase to Height Conversion 20
3.3.9 Phase to Displacement Conversion 21
3.4 DEM Validation 22
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24
4.1 Data Sets 24
4.2 Single Look Complex (slc) 25
4.3 Baseline Estimation 26
4.4 Interferograms Generation and Flattening 27
4.5 Filtering and Coherence 31
4.6 Phase Unwrapping 31
4.7 DEM Generation 34
4.8 Phase to Displacement Conversion 34
4.9 DEM Validation 38
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 42
5.1 Conclusions 42
5.2 Suggestions 43
REFERENCES 44
APPENDIX 46

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指導教授

吳究(Joz Wu)

審核日期

2014-7-29

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