環境公民倫理：當代公民社會的環境義務

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林恩志(EnChih Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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哲學研究所

論文名稱

環境公民倫理：當代公民社會的環境義務
(Environmental Civic Ethics: The Environmental Obligation of Modern Civil Society)

相關論文

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★ R. G. Frey 動物倫理研究	★ 基因編輯技術的倫理反思

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摘要(中)

氣候變遷是一個為全世界帶來明確影響的環境議題。若由典型環境倫理學的角度來看，包含氣候變遷在內各種嚴峻的環境問題，是因為人類為了滿足自身的利益，而不停地耗用大量不可再生的自然資源。為了解決此一問題，典型環境倫理嘗試提出各種不同的價值論述，並嘗試回答「人類是否有保護自然的義務」此一具有道德規範性的「理由問題」。本論文即是由典型環境倫理學對此一問題的回答開始爬梳，並嘗試指明：典型環境倫理學的價值論述，很可能難以在高度全球化的當代，轉化為可供實踐的環境政策。
本論文選擇由氣候變遷議題作為主要的切入點，由當代公民社會的角度，來思索我們應該如何重新設定「理由問題」：若我們不再以個體的身份，而是以參與公民社會的公民身份來面對理由問題時，有哪些重要價值觀點，是我們應該要將其納入考量的？若我們為了緩和氣候變遷所帶來的災害，選擇禁絕所有的碳排放，那麼高度仰賴能源維生的當代社會，將會因為能源價格的快速上漲而受到重大的影響，而貧困的底層族群，很可能會因此淪入退無可退的生活困境當中。本論文探究的「環境公民倫理」，便是基於如何將上述衝突納入考量後，仍能適切回應「理由問題」而展開的思索過程。

摘要(英)

Climate change is an environmental issue. According to classical environmental ethicists, our focus on fulfilling human interests causes the depletion of natural resources, which results in climate change and other environmental problems. To address this problem, classical environmental ethicists attempt to answer ′the question of justification′: is it our duty to protect the natural environment? This thesis investigates classical environmental ethics and demonstrates whether their value argumentation can be practical in creating environmental policies in our globalized world.
This thesis begins with the issue of climate change. I attempt to reframe ′the question of justification′ from the perspective of modern civil society. What kind of value is essential to consider if we approach ′the question of justification′ not as individuals but as citizens of modern civil society? Suppose we decide to cut off all carbon emissions to mitigate climate change. In that case, the result is that the price of energy will rapidly rise and significantly damage our society. The poorest population of the society must struggle to survive. The ′environmental civil ethics′ investigated in this thesis is a process of thinking through how to consider these conflicts on the one hand, and respond appropriately to ′the question of justification′ on the other hand.

關鍵字(中)

★ 環境倫理學
★ 環境公民倫理
★ 氣候變遷
★ 正義原則
★ 非同一問題
★ 價值多元

關鍵字(英)

★ environmental ethics
★ environmental civil ethics
★ climate change
★ principle of justice
★ non-identity problem
★ value pluralism

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
導論 1
第一章環境價值倫理學 7
第一節生命中心主義 8
第二節生態中心主義 17
第三節環境價值倫理學的理論限制 25
第二章環境德性倫理學 32
第一節環境德性倫理學的理論框架 32
第二節環境德性倫理學的實踐應用 42
第三節環境德性倫理的困境 48
第三章生態公民身份 55
第一節全球化時代與公民身份 55
第二節生態公民義務與公民教育 63
第三節生態公民身份的侷限 71
第四章合宜的環境公民倫理學試析 81
第一節從環境正義檢視氣候變遷議題 82
第二節由不同基本需求的角度修正差異原則 90
第三節透過堆疊底線原則回應公民理由問題 100
第四節由底線判準原則回應跨世代正義問題 112
第五節環境公民倫理如何面對價值多元的當代社會 126
結論 136
參考書目 140

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指導教授

李凱恩(Jack Lee)

審核日期

2022-7-18

推文