動態照明在辦公環境應用之可行性評估與眼動儀偵測視覺疲勞之研究

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姓名

許仕勳(Shih-hsun Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

動態照明在辦公環境應用之可行性評估與眼動儀偵測視覺疲勞之研究
(Assessments of dynamic lighting in the office environment and evaluations of visual fatigue by an eye tracker)

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摘要(中)

照明技術的發展往往著重在發光效率、製造成本與色彩表現，忽略了照明的目的是為了人類的使用。在研究發現人眼非視覺系統後，逐漸了解照明影響生理的機制，而LED優異的色彩表現與反應速度，使智慧照明成為新的照明議題。除了靜態的情境切換之外，動態照明也是影響生理表現的因素。本研究以辦公環境為目標場域，評估LED動態調變色溫的照明情境，對使用者的影響與提升精神狀況成效，以期在照明使用增添附加價值。同時延續團隊既有的照明人因評估技術，加入眼動儀作為評估工具，以螢幕作業為工作媒介，建立新的照明人因評估流程與視覺疲勞評估指標。
實驗使用遙測式紅外線眼動儀與LED平板可調變色燈，以問卷方式進行主觀評估，作業績效、掃視速度、眨眼時間與閃光融合閥值等作為客觀指標，以統計軟體分析實驗結果。動態照明實驗以色溫2700K上升至5500K的動態情境，與靜態2700K情境比較。眼動評估實驗設定工作面照度750 lux與250 lux，以及色溫2700K、4100K、5500K，組合成六種照明情境。
研究結果顯示在40分鐘的情境體驗，依客觀的眨眼時間指標，使用者在動態情境的視覺疲勞程度較靜態低，且達統計顯著差異。在生理影響的主觀評量結果則未有顯著差異，顯示動態照明不會造成生理不適或注意力分散。眼動評估實驗顯示，在750 lux照度下視覺疲勞顯著低於250 lux，且此疲勞狀況可在22分鐘的評估時間內以眼動儀偵測。最後整合三次實驗結果，建立不同作業型態下之眨眼模型。

摘要(英)

Human eyes not only are visual organs, but also can adjust our circadian clock by receiving environmental lighting. By manipulating the correlated colour temperature (CCT) or the spectrum of lighting, the arousal level and physiological state of users may be altered. In recent years, many studies have focused on the intelligent lighting with LEDs, since LEDs can display diverse colours and have the easy variability of CCTs. What we are interested in is whether the time-varying characteristic in lighting an impact factor on the arousal level, visual fatigue and task performance.
This study compares the effects of dynamic lighting to static lighting in an office environment in enhancing the arousal level and work performance. At the same time, we introduce an eye tracker into the visual evaluation procedure to utilize the eye movements as the objective visual fatigue indicators. A questionnaire is also adopted to assess the psychological and physiological impacts subjectively.
LED tuneable panels are used to adjust the CCT and illuminance in the experiments. The dynamic lighting comprises continuous CCT modulations linearly from 2700K to 5500K and the static lighting is fixed at 2700K; both have the illuminance fixed at 650 lux. The lighting of the eye-tracking evaluation experiment sets the illuminance levels at 750 lux and 250 lux and the CCT levels at 2700K, 4100K and 5500K to construct six lighting conditions.
The results show that dynamic lighting is better than the static one, but not all the indicators showed statistically significant difference. The visual fatigue in dynamic lighting is lower than the static one, and no discomfort or distraction are induced. In the eye-tracking evaluation experiment, higher illuminance yields lower visual fatigue and the visual fatigue difference of two illuminance levels can be distinguished by the new evaluation platform. The blink patterns of different tasks are built by combining the results of all experiments.

關鍵字(中)

★ 動態照明
★ 眼動儀
★ 視覺疲勞
★ 精神覺醒
★ 眼動資訊

關鍵字(英)

★ dynamic lighting
★ eye tracker
★ visual fatigue
★ arousal level
★ eye movement

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xvi
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 研究目的 5
1-3 論文架構 6
1-3-1 研究假設 6
1-3-2 研究限制 6
1-3-3 研究方法與步驟 6
第二章文獻探討 8
2-1 動態照明的生理影響 8
2-1-1 非視覺系統 10
2-2 視覺疲勞 12
2-2-1 視覺疲勞主觀評估 15
2-2-2 閃光融合閥值 18
2-2-3 工作績效 18
2-3 眼動追蹤技術 20
2-3-1 電位量測(electric potential measurement) 21
2-3-2 眼球影像分析法(video-ocuography) 22
2-3-3 掃視資訊 23
2-3-4 眨眼資訊 25
2-4 心理學實驗設計 27
2-4-1 拉丁方格設計 28
第三章研究方法與步驟 30
3-1 實驗設計 30
3-2 實驗設備 33
3-2-1 動態照明平板燈 33
3-2-2 SMI eye tracker 35
3-2-3 閃光融合儀 36
3-3 動態照明實驗A 38
3-3-1 實驗環境配置 38
3-3-2 實驗流程 39
3-3-3 主觀評估指標 40
3-3-4 客觀評估指標 43
3-4 動態照明實驗B 49
3-4-1 實驗流程 50
3-4-2 客觀評估指標 51
3-5 眼動評估實驗C 53
3-5-1 實驗環境配置 53
3-5-2 實驗流程 54
3-5-3 客觀評估指標 55
3-6 資料統計分析 56
3-6-1 重複量數變異數分析法 56
第四章結果與討論 59
4-1 實驗結果 59
4-1-1 動態照明評估實驗A 60
4-1-2 動態照明評估實驗B 68
4-1-3 眼動評估流程實驗C 73
4-2 結果討論 80
4-2-1 動態照明評估實驗結果 80
4-2-2 眼動評估流程實驗結果 85
4-3 後續分析 87
第五章結論與未來展望 91
5-1 結論 91
5-2 未來展望 93
參考文獻 95
附錄一實驗A問卷內容 100
附錄二實驗A閱讀測驗文章範例 101
附錄三實驗B圖片測驗範例 102
附錄四實驗B書面測驗文章範例 103
附錄五實驗C問卷內容 104
附錄六實驗C找字測驗文章範例 105
附錄七壢新醫院IRB審核通過證明書 106

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指導教授

陳怡君、張智宏(Yi-chun Chen Erik Chihhung Chang)

審核日期

2015-8-14

推文