硫化鎘薄膜對軟性太陽電池特性之研究

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姓名

何誌堅(Jhih-jian He) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

硫化鎘薄膜對軟性太陽電池特性之研究
(Study of CdS films on flexible solar cells)

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摘要(中)

本實驗探討不同鎘鹽類材料所鍍製之硫化鎘(CdS)緩衝層薄膜特性，及後續鎘離子擴散處理參數對軟性CIGS太陽電池元件效率影響之研究，並以軟體模擬探討鎘離子擴散量與深度對CIGS太陽電池元件特性與實驗比較。在使用化學水浴沉積法(Chemical bath deposion, CBD)鍍製n-CdS緩衝層時，溶液中的鎘(Cd)離子會擴散進入CIGS薄膜表面，形成n-CIGS:Cd，產生電性反轉，此型態的n-CdS/n-CIGS:Cd/p-CIGS(CIGSS)介面可調控CIGS太陽電池元件之空乏區寬度、內建電場、載子濃度等特性，有助於優化CIGS元件的開路電壓及短路電流，提升元件效率。因此本實驗首先將CIGS樣品浸泡於硫酸鎘溶液，藉由調整溶液中的氨水濃度、浸泡溫度、時間等參數，分析Cd離子在CIGS薄膜表面的擴散量及深度(Cd ion soaking treatment)；接著使用CBD法製作CdS薄膜，選用不同鎘鹽類材料、硫脲及氨水進行調配，藉由溶液pH值調整、鍍膜時間及溫度，控制CdS結晶顆粒大小，並製作出均勻性佳且透光性良好的CdS薄膜，其厚度約60nm，鍍製於已擴散Cd/S離子的CIGS樣品上，最後製作成CIGS太陽電池元件，得到最佳效率6.36%，VOC為0.503 V，JSC為32 mA/cm2，FF為39.1%。

摘要(英)

In this study, it was discussed the effect of CdS films for different Cd source and Cd ion soaking treatment on the CIGS flexible solar cells. In addition, it was analyzed by the effect of Cd diffusion depth on the CIGS solar cells by simulation, comparing with experimental. During n-CdS films deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD), Cd ion diffused into CIGS surface formed n-CIGS:Cd, resulting n-CdS/n-CIGS:Cd/p-CIGS(CIGSS) structure. This structure was a buried homo- junction, and it could widen the space charge region in CIGS solar cell, resulting in open circuit voltage (VOC) and short circuit current density (JSC) increased. Therefore, in the experimental, the CIGS films would soak into Cd ion solution with various NH3 concentrations, soaking temperature and soaking time. Then, CdS films deposited by different Cd source, and the thickness of CdS films were 60 nm. Finally, CIGS flexible solar cells were fabricated. The CIGS flexible solar cells performance was that the efficiency was 6.36%, VOC was 0.50 V, JSC was 32 mA/cm2, FF was 39.1%, improved by Cd ion soaking treatment on CIGS flexible solar cells.

關鍵字(中)

★ 硫化鎘
★ CIGS軟性太陽電池
★ 鎘離子擴散
★ 擴散深度
★ 模擬

關鍵字(英)

★ CdS
★ CIGS flexible solar cell
★ Cd ion-soaking
★ diffusion depth
★ Simulation

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1-1背景 1
1-2文獻回顧 4
1-2-1太陽能電池 4
1-2-2銅銦鎵硒(CIGS)薄膜太陽能電池 6
1-2-2-1 CIGS薄膜太陽能電池之發展 6
1-2-2-2軟性基板之介紹與應用 7
1-2-2-3鉬(Mo)背電極與阻擋層 10
1-2-2-4 CIGS吸收層 10
1-2-2-5 硫化鎘(CdS)緩衝層 15
1-2-2-6氧化鋅(ZnO)透明導電膜 19
1-3研究動機 21
1-3-1不鏽鋼基板與阻擋層SiOX 21
1-3-2硫化鎘薄膜與鎘離子擴散 21
第二章基礎理論 24
2-1太陽能電池基礎理論 24
2-2薄膜沉積原理 27
2-2-1蒸鍍沉積原理 27
2-2-2濺鍍沉積原理 27
2-2-3化學水浴沉積法原理 28
2-3 CIGS太陽電池效率提升之方法 31
2-3-1鎵摻雜：調變CIGS能隙 31
2-3-2硫摻雜：調變CIGS能隙 32
2-3-3鎘摻雜：填補表面空缺與拓寬空乏區 32
2-3-4硒化鉬(MoSe2)：產生背電場效應 32
2-3-5鈉摻雜：增進CIGS膜質 33
第三章 n-CIGS:Cd電性反轉層模擬分析 34
3-1 wxAMPS太陽能電池模擬軟體介紹 34
3-2 CIGS太陽電池之模擬參數設定 35
3-2-1 CIGS太陽電池模型建立 35
3-2-2單層反轉層(n-CIGS:Cd) 37
3-2-2-1反轉層載子濃度(Nd)對CIGS太陽電池特性之模擬設定 37
3-2-2-2反轉層厚度對CIGS太陽電池特性之模擬設定 37
3-2-3多層反轉層 37
3-2-3-1漸變三層反轉層之厚度對CIGS太陽電池特性之模擬設定 37
3-2-3-2漸變八層反轉層之厚度對CIGS太陽電池特性之模擬設定 38
3-3 CIGS太陽電池模擬結果與分析 40
3-3-1單層反轉層(n-CIGS:Cd) 40
3-3-1-1反轉層載子濃度(Nd)對CIGS太陽電池特性之研究 40
3-3-1-2反轉層厚度對CIGS太陽電池特性之研究 42
3-3-2 多層反轉層(n-CIGS:Cd) 45
3-3-2-1漸變三層反轉層之厚度對CIGS太陽電池特性之研究 45
3-3-2-2漸變八層反轉層之厚度對CIGS太陽電池特性之研究 47
第四章實驗步驟與方法 50
4-1基板清洗 50
4-2實驗方法與裝置 51
4-2-1不鏽鋼基板 51
4-2-2阻擋層SiOX 51
4-2-3 CdS緩衝層 52
4-2-3-1 化學水域法鍍製CdS薄膜 52
4-2-3-2 鎘離子擴散實驗 54
4-2-4軟性CIGS太陽電池元件 56
4-3實驗量測 57
4-3-1光電子能譜儀 57
4-3-2二次離子質譜儀 58
4-3-3場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 59
4-3-4電流-電壓特性量測 60
4-3-5光譜儀 61
4-3-6原子力顯微鏡 62
4-3-7量子效率 62
4-3-8 X-ray繞射儀 63
第五章實驗結果與討論 65
5-1不鏽鋼基板粗糙度分析 65
5-2阻擋層SiOX粗糙度與鐵離子擴散分析 66
5-3不同鎘鹽類之CdS膜對CIGS太陽電池元件特性分析 69
5-4鎘離子擴散處理對CIGS薄膜及元件特性分析 74
5-4-1 1-stage鎘離子擴散對CIGS薄膜及元件特性分析 74
5-4-2 2-stage鎘離子擴散對CIGS薄膜及元件特性分析 77
5-4-3 鎘離子擴散對CIGS元件特性模擬與實驗之比較分析 83
第六章結論 85
6-1結論 85
6-2未來工作 87
參考文獻 88

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指導教授

陳昇暉(Sheng-hui Chen)

審核日期

2014-7-30

推文