橋梁直接基礎搖擺之極限分析

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姓名

黃敏彥(Min-Yen Hunag) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

橋梁直接基礎搖擺之極限分析
(Dynamic Analysis of Bridges with Rocking Isolation in Ultimate States)

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至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

近年地震對台灣造成許多的災害，使耐震設計規範之設計地震力提高，導致部分補強和新建案例之直接基礎尺寸明顯過大。其主要原因乃設計地震力提高，穩定性檢核時基礎受壓面積仍須滿足原有規定，所以基礎尺寸必須擴大。依據過去地震經驗發現直接基礎之搖擺機制可降低傳遞至上部結構之地震力，並且透過搖擺機制產生振動周期延長降低地震力，也可藉由土壤於大地震下之塑性行為吸收地震能量。本研究旨在開發土壤元素模型(Soil Element)建立土壤與基礎互制之構件，模擬橋梁於強震中土壤與基礎之高度非線性行為。
本研究採用向量式有限元素(Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element)為結構動力分析方法，此方法適用於處理大變形、大變位、材料非線性與剛體運動等問題。為了模擬土壤與基礎互制關係，本研究引入溫克勒模型(Winkler-based models)，溫克勒模型可用以模擬垂直向土壤(q-z spring)、側向被動土壤(p-x spring)與土壤結構間摩擦力(t-x spring)，經由算例分析驗證此土壤彈簧之正確性，並且藉由單跨梁橋證實直接基礎搖擺機制之隔震作用，最後以五跨連續梁橋作為模型，探討其參數變化對橋梁之影響，並模擬至極限狀態，瞭解橋梁在在極限狀態下之橋梁反應。

摘要(英)

In recent years, the earthquake caused many disasters in Taiwan, so seismic design specification to improve the design seismic forces. Therefore the spread foundation wide obviously is too large in some reinforcement and new cases. The main reason is improving the design seismic forces. And the foundation of pressured area have to satisfy the specification, therefore the size of foundation must be expanded. Based on the past experience, the rocking mechanism of spread foundation can reduce the seismic force of the main structure, besides it can extend the period of structure and decrease the seismic force. In addition, the soil will generate the plastic behavior and absorb the seismic energy under the extreme earthquake. This study aims to develop new soil element model and build the soil and foundation of components.
The Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element (VFIFE), a new computational method is adopted in this study because the VFIFE has the superior in managing the engineering problems with material nonlinearity, discontinuity, large deformation and arbitrary rigid body motions of deformable bodies. In order to simulate the interaction between soil and foundation, the study use Winkler model (Winkler-based models). Winkler model can simulate the vertical soil (q-z spring), lateral passive soil (p-x spring) and the friction force between soil and foundation (t-x spring). Through numerical simulation of examples to verify the soil element model are feasible and accurate. Besides, using the single-span bridge to confirm the rocking mechanism of spread foundation has the isolation effect. Finally, five-span continuous bridge as a model to investigate the effect of the parameter changes, and to understand the bridge behavior in ultimate condition.

關鍵字(中)

★ 向量式有限元素
★ 極限狀態
★ 橋梁
★ 動力分析
★ 直接基礎
★ 搖擺機制

關鍵字(英)

★ VFIFE
★ ultimate state
★ bridge
★ dynamic analysis
★ spread foundation
★ rocking mechanism

論文目次

摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
誌謝 Ⅲ
目錄 Ⅳ
表目錄 Ⅶ
圖目錄 Ⅷ
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2文獻回顧 3
1.2.1向量式有限元素法 3
1.2.2直接基礎搖擺機制 6
1.3論文架構 9
第二章向量式有限元素法 10
2.1結構離散模式 11
2.2質點運動方程式 11
2.3運動軌跡離散化 13
2.4變形與內力計算 14
第三章土壤與直接基礎互制關係 31
3.1前言 31
3.2土壤彈簧勁度之相關規範與計算 32
3.2.1公路橋樑耐震設計規範之補充研究 32
3.2.2日本道路橋示方書．同解說 37
3.2.3公路橋樑耐震性能設計規範解說 40
3.3溫克勒模型 41
3.3.1垂直向土壤彈簧 42
3.3.2水平向被動土壤彈簧 44
3.3.3水平向剪力土壤彈簧 47
3.4極限乘載容量 49
3.4.1垂直向極限乘載容量 49
3.4.2水平向被動極限乘載容量 51
3.4.3水平向剪力土極限乘載容量 53
3.4土壤阻尼 53
第四章數值算例驗證 61
4.1非線性土壤彈簧之建立 61
4.1.1垂直向土壤彈簧 61
4.1.2水平向被動土壤彈簧 62
4.1.3水平向剪力土壤彈簧 65
4.2土壤彈簧元素之向量式有限元素分析 67
4.2.1土壤彈簧參數計算 68
4.2.2土壤彈簧驗證 68
4.3驗證搖擺直接基礎橋梁之消能行為 70
4.4小結 72
第五章橋梁實例分析與參數研究 90
5.1目標橋梁與分析模型 90
5.2數值分析模型 91
5.2.1上部結構模擬 91
5.2.2下部結構模擬 93
5.2.3支承系統模擬 95
5.2.4防止落橋裝置模擬 96
5.2.5土壤彈簧參數 98
5.3線性與非線性土壤彈簧 100
5.4參數探討 104
5.4.1標準貫入試驗N值 104
5.4.2基礎尺寸大小 111
5.5小結 118
第六章結論與未來展望 181
參考文獻 185

參考文獻

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指導教授

李姿瑩(Tzu-Ying Lee)

審核日期

2013-10-14

推文