大專生機車偏差駕駛行為的影響因素 -個人與學校的多層次結構方程模式之應用

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姓名

張玉旻(Yu-min Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

大專生機車偏差駕駛行為的影響因素 -個人與學校的多層次結構方程模式之應用
(Influential Factors of College Motorcyclists Aberrant Driving Behavior- Application of Individual and School Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling)

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摘要(中)

近年來，國內經濟發展促成機動車輛之快速成長，交通運輸需求日益漸增，進而延伸出許多道路交通安全的問題。根據交通部統計資料顯示，台灣地區登記之機車數量近十年內有逐漸增加之趨勢，且依據警政署統計通報可知，A1類交通事故肇事車種歷年主要以機踏車為主，約佔了將近50%，其可視為具有高肇事風險的車種類別。然而，又對於交通事故原因歸類，主要以汽(機、慢)車駕駛人過失為主。換言之，交通肇事的發生多來自於駕駛者本身因素所產生的駕駛偏差行為而導致。
本研究以台灣地區共159所大專院校，以集群抽樣之方式，分為北中南東部挑選其中80所學校，共有2,639位大專生參與調查，旨以多層次結構方程模式(MSEM) 探討學校與學生間之駕駛者偏差駕駛行為的影響因素，包含：風險感認與駕駛態度，此方法論為目前較新穎之統計分析，其融合了HLM其樣本具有階層之關係，延伸自線性迴歸概念，以及SEM將具有共同性之觀察變數背後的因素潛在變數萃取而來。
其結果顯示，偏差駕駛行為、風險感認、駕駛態度以及校園機車安全風氣，彼此間具有顯著的相關性；組內(學生間)層級的風險感認及駕駛態度對機車偏差駕駛行為有極顯著的負向影響，即學生駕駛者對於風險感認的程度有大與對交通安全的態度越高，表示其產生偏差駕駛行為上的頻率越小。而組間(學校間)層級所產生的校園機車安全風氣對偏差駕駛行為有極顯著的負向影響，即各學校所產生對於機車安全的不同風氣中之對於騎乘機車所形成的偏差行為的程度越大。針對上述結果，亦提出相關安全政策的討論與未來研究議題的建構。

摘要(英)

In recent years, due to the rapid growth of the demand for transportation, making numbers of cars and motorcycles growing, and resulting into many traffic safety problem. According to Minstry of Transportation and Communcations statistics shows that the number of motorcycles registered in Taiwan has gradually increased the trend the last decade. As stated by Ministry of the Interior, the motorcycles in A1 accident the number of events is the largest and accounts for nearly 50%. Therefore, the motorcycles can be regarded as the types of vehicles having a high accident risk. However, traffic accident was mainly due to driver faults. In other words the traffic accident occurred from the driver factors about aberrant driving behavior.
This study conducted a survey on 2,639 students from a total of 159 universities from 80 universities in Taiwan. The sample of clusters divided into North, Middle, South, Eastern, and used multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) to analysis data. Explore the influencing factors of drivers’ aberrant driving behavior (ADB) between schools and students including risk perceptions and attitudes. MSEM is the currently newest statistical analysis, which combines hierarchical liner model (HLM) has related hierarchical sample data and extended from the concept of linear regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) has extracted from the commonality of observed variable factors behind the latent variable.
The results show that aberrant driving behaviors, risk perceptions, and attitudes, are correlated with each other; in both individual and group level, risk perceptions and attitudes have a significant negative influence on ABD. It namely the extents of students’ drivers and each school ethos to have a higher risk perceptions and attitudes of a large traffic safety, which means that frequency of aberrant driving behavior to become smaller. According the results, this study proposes some discussions about safety policy and recommendations of the research issues for the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ 多層次結構方程模式
★ 偏差駕駛行為
★ 風險感認
★ 駕駛態度
★ 校園機車安全風氣

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 viii
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 5
1.3 研究步驟與流程 5
2.1 偏差駕駛行為 8
2.1.1 偏差駕駛行為定義 8
2.1.2 駕駛行為問卷與其相關研究 9
2.2 風險感認 15
2.4.1 風險感認之定義 15
2.4.2 風險感認對駕駛行為之國內外相關研究與假說 17
2.3 駕駛態度 20
2.3.1 定義與駕駛行為其國內外相關研究及假說 20
2.4 校園組織風氣 26
2.4.1 校園組織風氣之定義 26
2.4.2 學校組織風氣對駕駛行為之國內外相關研究與假說 28
2.5 小結 29
3.1 研究架構與假設 34
3.2 研究變數之衡量與問卷設計 36
3.2.1 偏差駕駛行為之變數衡量 36
3.2.2 風險感認之變數衡量 36
3.2.3 駕駛態度之變數衡量 36
3.3 資料分析方法 37
3.3.1 敘述性統計分析 37
3.3.2 項目分析 37
3.3.3 結構方程模式的評鑑 38
3.3.4 多層次結構方程模式 41
4.1 問卷資料蒐集 52
4.1.1 調查對象與樣本數之界定 52
4.1.2 預試階段 53
4.1.3 正式問卷發放階段 54
4.2 受測者基本資料分析 56
4.3 受訪者背景差異分析 58
4.3.1 性別與各學校之學生構念與構面上之差異 58
4.3.2 性別與各構念及構面之差異 60
4.3.3 地區與各構念及構面之差異 61
4.4 項目分析 62
4.4.1 偏差駕駛行為之項目分析 63
4.4.2 風險感認之項目分析 64
4.4.3 駕駛態度之項目分析 65
4.5 驗證性因素分析 66
4.4.1 偏差駕駛行為驗證性因素分析 66
4.4.2 風險感認之信效度與驗證性因素分析 70
4.4.3 駕駛態度之信效度與驗證性因素分析 72
4.4.4 校園機車安全風氣之驗證性因素分析 75
4.6 模式修飾(model modification) 77
4.5.1 偏差駕駛行為修飾後之檢測結果 77
4.5.2 風險感認修飾後之檢測結果 79
4.5.3 駕駛態度修飾後之檢測結果 81
4.7 多層次結構方程模式之信度檢測 83
4.8 相關分析 83
4.9 多層次結構方程模式分析 84
4.9.1 研究架構圖(一) 84
4.9.2 研究架構圖(二) 86
4.10 研究分析結果總結 88
5.1 結果討論 91
5.2 研究限制 93
5.3 建議 93
5.3.1 理論應用之建議 93
5.3.2 實務應用之建議 95
參考文獻 98
附件A (DBQ題項篩選) 112
附件B (風險感認題項篩選) 119
附件C (駕駛態度題項篩選) 120
附件D (預試問卷) 129
附件E (項目與信效度分析) 133
附件F(題項調整後檢測信效度分析之結果) 138
附件G(預試問卷刪除與保留題項之說明) 142
附件H(正式問卷) 144
附件I(受訪者背景差異分析之性別與各學校之t檢定) 147

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指導教授

陳惠國

審核日期

2014-7-22

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