磁場對水電解產氫效率增益之機制研究

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姓名

吳慶鴻(Ching-hung Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

能源工程研究所

論文名稱

磁場對水電解產氫效率增益之機制研究
(The investigation on the mechanism of efficiency enhancement for hydrogen production by water electrolysis with magnetic field)

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摘要(中)

本實驗利用鎳電極，在電解液氫氧化鉀濃度25wt%時，進行電解水產氫，由恆電位儀與高速攝影機所記錄得到的資料，探討不同電流密度、電極間距加入磁場後，氣泡上升速度與氣泡覆蓋率，受到磁流體動力學(MHD)中向上勞侖茲力(Lorentz force)之影響。
加入磁場狀態下，磁力會形成向上之勞倫茲力，促使氣泡加速脫離電極表面，因此，由拍攝之圖片顯示出，在不同之電極間距、不同之電流密度，氣泡速度皆會增加，而氣泡覆蓋率則是會下降，並且發現，電極表面上之最大顆氣泡較小、分布數量最多的氣泡，其直徑也較小。
結合氣泡速度與覆蓋率，可得體積流率之結果，加入磁場狀態下，電極間距2 mm、電流密度0.3 A/m^2，體積流率增加率為67.8 %；電極間距5 mm、電流密度0.3 A/m^2，體積流率增加率為42 %，兩者節省之電功率百分比，也皆有極小之增加值。
水電解產氫是目前製造氫氣常用之方法，而磁場無須耗費額外之能量，卻能使產氫效率增加，也能節省能量之消耗，在未來相當具發展潛力。

摘要(英)

As water electrolysis is conducted with an electric field perpendicular to a magnetic field, Lorenz force will produce magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection and affect the gas bubble evolution. This experiment uses nickel as electrodes, and the potassium hydroxide electrolyte concentration is 25wt%. Potentiostat and high-speed camera are used to record the bubble evolution.
The upward Lorentz force can accelerate the speed bubbles to leave the surface of the electrode, which lowers the electrochemical polarization. Therefore, from the bubble behavior shown in the picture. We observe that all the bubbles will be speeded under the action of Lorenz force for different electrode distances and current densities. However, the coverage of bubbles is reduced. The biggest bubble on the electrode surface is smaller. The bubble diameter of the maximum amount of bubbles distribution is smaller.
Bubble flow rate can be obtained by combing the bubble speed and coverage. In a upward Lorentz force, the electrode distance 2 mm and current density 0.3 A/m^2, the flow rate increases about 67.8%. While it is about 42% for the electrode distance 5 mm and current density 0.3 A/m^2. The economic power efficiency was also saved a little.
Water electrolysis is a commonly used method to produce Hydrogen. Magnetic field does not need to consume additional energy. However, it can increase hydrogen production efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Water electrolysis adds magnetic field has development potential in the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ 電解水
★ 勞侖茲力
★ 磁流體動力學

關鍵字(英)

★ Water electrolysis
★ Lorenz force
★ magnetohydrodynamic

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
符號說明 XIII
第一章緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2文獻回顧 2
1-3研究目的與動機 4
第二章理論基礎 6
2-1電解水產氫之基本原理 6
2-2電解電壓 7
2-3法拉第電解定律 8
2-4極化作用 9
2-4-1濃度極化 10
2-4-2活性極化 10
2-4-3歐姆極化 11
2-5勞侖茲力 12
2-6電極之磁化效應 12
2-7離子輸送數 14
2-8電功率增加率 15
第三章實驗裝置 17
3-1實驗用品 17
3-1-1實驗藥品 17
3-1-2實驗材料 17
3-2實驗儀器 19
3-2-1恆電位儀 19
3-2-2磁石攪拌器 19
3-2-3溫度量測器 19
3-2-4直流電源供應器 19
3-2-5高速攝影機 20
3-2-6鏡頭 20
3-2-7燈具 20
3-3實驗架設 21
3-4實驗步驟 22
3-4-1恆電位儀量測 22
3-4-2高速攝影機拍攝 22
第四章結果與討論 24
4-1電壓與電流之關係 25
4-2氣泡速度之探討 26
4-2-1無磁場效應下之氫氣泡速度分析 26
4-2-2磁場效應下之氫氣泡速度分析 27
4-3氫氣泡覆蓋率之探討 29
4-3-1無磁場效應下之氫氣泡覆蓋率分析 30
4-3-2磁場效應下之氫氣泡覆蓋率分析 31
4-4增加率之探討 33
4-4-1電功率增加率 33
4-4-2氫氣泡速度增加率 33
4-4-3體積流率增加率 33
第五章結論與未來展望 35
5-1結論 35
5-2未來展望 36
參考文獻 37
表 41
圖 44

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指導教授

洪勵吾(Lih-wu Hourng)

審核日期

2014-7-8

推文