| 姓名 |
許福元(Fu-Yuan Hsu)
查詢紙本館藏 |
畢業系所 |
工業管理研究所在職專班 |
| 論文名稱 |
應用多目標規劃縮減民航發動機翻修交期之研究－以C航空公司為例
(Applying Multiple Objective Programming for Aero Engine Overhaul TAT Reduction－A Case study of C Airlines)
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| 相關論文 | |
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| 摘要(中) |
西元1903年美國萊特兄弟駕駛自行研製的固定翼飛機，實現了人類史上首次動力飛行，開啟百年來航空器甚至航空產業蓬勃發展，大幅擴展人類活動範圍與速度，徹底改寫人類交通運輸史。雖然航空業曾有過榮景，但隨著國際原油價格不斷上漲，購油支出占航空公司營運成本比例逐年攀升，加上美國911事件以來恐怖威脅不斷及同業間劇烈競爭，致使航空市場逐漸低迷萎縮，獲利不易。如何降低營運成本、創造利基及增加營收，已成為航空公司重要的生存課題。
民用航空發動機提供民用航空飛機動力，滿足民用航空運輸業載客與運貨的需求，然而發動機使用運轉後需定期更換，進廠維護或翻修，確保在翼運轉及操作可靠度。發動機維修費用昂貴幾乎佔據整個飛機維修費用的四成，如何同時維持發動機的可靠性，又能降低維修成本，一直是航空公司努力的方向。發動機維修部門首重發動機出廠交期(Turn Around Time，TAT)，即發動機進廠到出廠的所有維修時間，交期若能準時穩定，可精準發動機進場維護時程、有效地實行維護計畫與排程，進而提昇飛航安全，降低航空公司營運成本；若能進ㄧ步縮減TAT，可減少備份發動機數量，出售或出租多餘的備份發動機，增加公司營收；另外，短且準時的交期，增加本身競爭力及承攬發動機維修的能力，創造營收商機。
為達成縮減發動機翻修TAT重要目標，本研究藉著個別關鍵翻修流程TAT縮減最佳化，達到整體TAT縮減極大化，以現場工作實務經驗，解構歸納翻修主要關鍵流程，提列足以改善、縮減流程TAT的可能作法，先篩檢出限制條件，後建立目標函數、然而各個流程存在多個可行方式，彼此間因資源有限及目標衝突，無法全部選擇實施，本研究運用多目標規劃理論找出所有可行解。一旦獲得各流程改善可行解，同時使用分析層級程序法，將牽涉到眾多考慮因素之複雜決策問題建構層級，由決策者逐層評斷各評估因素之相對重要性，判斷出各決策方案之優先順序，作出縮減交期的最佳決策，期望對附屬於個案航空公司的發動維修單位提出改善方向與建議。 |
| 摘要(英) |
American Wright brothers drove self-developed fixed wing plane in 1903, that realizing the motive force fly for the first time in the human history, over 100 years past, the airborne vehicle even aviation industry have grown vigorously, have expanded human scope of activities and pace substantially, rewrite the history of human transportation completely. Though once there was a period of prosperity in the aviation industry, as the international crude oil price was going up constantly, purchase the oil expenditure and account for the proportion of the operating cost of the airline have soared year by year, in addition, terror has been threatened constantly since September 11 attacks of U.S.A. and violent competition among the same trade, the depression causes the market of aviation to shrink gradually, it will be difficult to make a profit. How to reduce operating cost, create niche and increase revenue, already become an airline′s important existence subject.
The civil aero-engine has being offered the power of civil airplane, meet the demand that transport service of civil aviation carries passenger and freights, however, the engine is used for operations, needs to be changed regularly, and enter the shop for maintenance or overhaul in order to guarantee engine on wing operation and reliability. The maintenance cost of engine nearly occupies 40% of the maintenance cost of whole plane, to maintain the engine reliability and reduce the maintenance cost at the same time, it has been airline′s diligent direction all the time. It is the most important task to maintain the engine Turn Around Time(TAT) for an Engine Shop, the time between engine enters the shop for maintenance and dispatched from the factory, If TAT can be maintained accurate and on time, the engine shop in for maintenance schedule will be stable, implement the maintenance program and arrange planning effectively, and then ensure the flight security, reduce the operating cost of the airline; If engine shop can further reduce TAT, spare engine quantity for fleet supporting will be able to reduce, to sell or loan out the extra spare engine can increase airline’s revenue; In addition, a short and punctual TAT will increase shop own competitiveness and contract the engine to maintain ability, raise the company’s profit and create the business opportunity.
In order to achieve the important goal of engine TAT reduction, this study is making use of the improvement or rebuilding the key procedure to reduce TAT in the optimization, then reach whole TAT reduction in the maximization, with the practice experience of the work in the shop, constructs and sums up the rebuilding of the main key overhaul procedure, propose and tabulate the possible practice sufficient to improve and reduce procedure TAT, sift and examine the limiting conditions out first, and then set objectives formula, but a lot of feasible solutions exist in each procedure for the function, because resources are limited and goal conflict between each other, unable all choose to implement, this study uses Multiple Objective Programming method to find out all solutions while being feasible. Once feasible solutions of every procedure have been obtained, use Analytic Hierarchy Process method at the same time, the complicated decision question that will involve numerous considerations builds the level of constructing, the policymaker chases one layer of relative importance which judges every factor of evaluation, judge the priority of every decision scheme, make the best decision of the TAT reduction, expect it is the engine maintenance shop that affiliating to the airline to propose improving direction and suggestion of the case airline. |
| 關鍵字(中) |
★ 民用航空發動機翻修
★ 多目標規劃法
★ 分析層級程序法 |
關鍵字(英) |
★ Aero-Engine Overhaul
★ Multiple Objective Programming
★ Analytic Hierarchy Process |
| 論文目次 |
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………ii, iii
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………… iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………… v
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………… vi
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………… vii
第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 研究動機……………………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究目的……………………………………………………………………3
1.4 研究範圍與限制……………………………………………………………5
1.5 論文架構……………………………………………………………………5
第二章 文獻探討與研究導入…………………………………………………………7
2.1 多目標規劃法………………………………………………………………7
2.2 分析層級程序法………………………………………………………… 9
第三章 個案公司介紹及研究方法………………………………………………… 14
3.1 個案公司簡介…………………………………………………………… 14
3.2 C航空公司發動機修護部介紹…………………………………………… 14
3.3 民航發動機及維護翻修簡介…………………………………………… 16
3.4 研究架構………………………………………………………………… 20
3.5 研究工具………………………………………………………………… 21
3.5.1 多目標規劃工具……………………………………………………… 21
3.5.2 AHP專家決策分析軟體……………………………………………… 22
第四章 案例探討與結果分析………………………………………………………… 23
4.1 案例說明與探討………………………………………………………… 23
4.2 多目標單一函數與限制式……………………………………………… 24
4.3 分析層級程序法統計與分析…………………………………………… 36
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………………………… 41
5.1 研究結論………………………………………………………………… 41
5.2 研究檢討………………………………………………………………… 42
5.3 建議與未來研究方向…………………………………………………… 43
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………… 44 |
| 參考文獻 |
一、中文部分
〔1〕張?滄，「中華航空公司資本結構影響因素之探討」，國立政治大學，碩士論文，民國九十四年。
〔2〕樊致理，「商用飛機維修成本控制之研究-以某國籍航空公司為例」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，民國九十六年。
〔3〕許志義，多目標決策，五南圖書出版股份有限公司，台北，民國八十四年。
〔4〕陳冠傑，「應用近似最佳解績效排序法於多目標設計決策之研究」，國立成功大學，碩士論文，民國九十三年。
〔5〕顏上堯、陳玉菁，「純檢修資格航機修護人力供給模式之建立」，運輸計劃季刊，第31卷，第4期，第817-829頁，民國九十一年。
〔6〕袁瑞霞，「航機維修廠中長期修護停機排程最佳化模式之研究」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，民國九十五年。
〔7〕葉康洋，「應用多目標規劃方法建構軍事投資建案決策模式研究」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，民國九十八年。
〔8〕鄧振源、曾國雄，層級分析法（AHP）的內涵特性與應用（上），中國統計學報，第27卷，第6期，第5~22頁，民國七十八年。
〔9〕劉紹鈞，「運用層級分析法(AHP)探討航空發動機TFE731渦輪級間溫度異常之肇因與改善」，國立成功大學，碩士論文，民國一百零一年。
〔10〕劉建浩、葉怡廷、莊哲維，混合模式於航空公司維修外包商選擇，運輸計劃季刊，第四十一卷，第二期，民國一○一年六月，頁135-頁164。
二、英文部分
〔11〕Koopmans, Tjalling C., Analysis of production as an efficient combination of activities, Activity analysis of production and allocation, 13, pp. 33-37, 1951.
〔12〕Kuhn, H. W., & Tucker, A. W., Nonlinear programming, Proceeding of the second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Ed. University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 1951.
〔13〕Cohon, J. L., Multiobjective Programming and Planning, New York, Academic Press, 1978.
〔14〕Keeney, R L., & Raiffa, H., Decision with Multiple Objectives, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
〔15〕Yu, P. L., A Class of Solutions for Group Decision Problems, Management Science, 1973.
〔16〕Saaty, T. L., The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
〔17〕Saaty, T. L., Prediction, Projection, and Forecasting, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
〔18〕Saaty, Thomas L., & Luis G. Vargas., Uncertainty and rank order in the analytic hierarchy process, European Journal of Operational Research 32.1, pp. 107-117, 1987.
〔19〕Peng, Han & Zuo, Hongfu, To Study on Evaluating and Selecting MRO Supplier of Aero-engine Based on AHP and GRA, Value Engineering 12, 2008.
〔20〕Yu, Wenwu, Chunsheng Xu & Liping Kang, Design of health assessment system for aero-engine based on AHP, Aeronautical Computing Technique 37.1, 2007.
三、網路資料
〔21〕經濟部航太工業發展推動小組：IATA預測全球航空業獲利將創新高，2013年12月13日。取自http://www.casid.org.tw/casid/news/u_news_v2.asp?id=513&newsid=5105。
〔22〕IATA：Airline Maintenance Cost Executive Commentary, Airline Maintenance Cost Executive Commentary An Exclusive Benchmark Analysis (FY 2011 data) by IATA Maintenance Cost Task Force，2013年6月30日。取自http://www.iata.org/whatwedo
/workgroups/Documents/MCTF/AMC-ExecComment-FY11.pdf。
〔23〕Deloitte Analysis：Smarter MRO, 5 strategies for increasing speed, improving reliability, and reducing costs – all at the same time，2013年12月7日。取自http://www. deloitte.com/view/en_US/us/Industries/travel-hospitality-leisure/8940cc97673c8310VgnVCM2000001b56f00aRCRD.htm?icid=us:pm:rc:mro:eng:thl:082613:top-4。
〔24〕Lingo 軟體介紹：昊青公司網站，2014年3月28日，取自http://www.sciformosa.com. tw/goods.php?act=view&no=39。
〔25〕Expert Choice 軟體介紹：柏際公司網站，2014年4月10日。取自http://www.bockytech.com.tw/products/ExpertChoice.htm。
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| 指導教授 |
曾富祥(Fu-Shiang Tseng)
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審核日期 |
2014-6-27 |
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