基於對數概似比演算法且可配置天線組 態之快速軟性輸出多輸入多輸出偵測器

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姓名

吳東霖(Tung-lin Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

基於對數概似比演算法且可配置天線組態之快速軟性輸出多輸入多輸出偵測器
(A High Speed Antenna-Configurable Soft-output MIMO Detector Based on Log-likelihood Ratio Algorithm)

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摘要(中)

本論文提出了一個具有概似比演算法的可平行快速解碼且天線組態可變的軟性輸出多輸入輸出偵測器，可支援QPSK 、16QAM 、64QAM 三種調變星座圖，天線方面可支援2x2~8x8 七種組態。由文獻可知道軟性輸出多輸出輸入偵測器可簡化成候選列表產生器與軟性值產生器兩個區塊，候選列表產生器能提供多組高可信度的訊號路徑，軟性值產生器藉由參考這些訊號路徑後，再去產生每一個位元的軟性值輸出。本論文所使用的候選列表產生器是基於傳統K 最佳演算法，並經過多層的延伸與排序，可以產生出K 組高可信度的訊號路徑並提供給後端的軟性值產生器，而軟性值產生器主要是實現概似比演算法，利用前端所提供的訊號路徑去產生每一個位元的軟性值，再利用這些軟性值去還原傳送端的實際訊號。本論文所使用的硬體架構為平行處理，除了可以提供高資料吞吐量外，且在天線組態改變的情況下，硬體使用率也可以達到百分之百，得到在不同的天線組態下也可以提供相同的資料吞吐量效果。

摘要(英)

A high speed antenna-configurable soft-output MIMO detector based on log-likelihood ratio algorithm is proposed in this thesis. It can support three various modulation methods such as QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and seven antenna modes such as 22 88. The soft-output MIMO detector can be simplified to two blocks which are candidate list generator and soft value generator. The candidate list generator can provide multiple signal paths with high confidence, and the soft value generator offer the soft value output of each bit by referencing these signal paths. The candidate list generator which is used in this thesis is based on traditional K-best algorithm and generates the K sets of high confidence signal paths for the back-end soft value generator by several extending and sorting. In order to recover the received signal into the correct signal, the soft value generator realizes the log-likelihood algorithm and generates the soft value output of each bit by using the high confidence signal paths which are provided by front-end candidate list generator. The proposed hardware implementation in this thesis
is the parallel architecture. The proposed hardware Implementation in this thesis not only can provide highly-same throughput but also can achieve 100% hardware utilization in different antenna modes.

關鍵字(中)

★ 偵測器
★ 軟性輸出
★ 多輸入多輸出

關鍵字(英)

★ Detector
★ Soft-output
★ MIMO

論文目次

摘要.................................................................................................... i
Abstract.............................................................................................. iii
謝誌.................................................................................................... v
目錄....................................................................................................vii
圖目錄................................................................................................ ix
表目錄................................................................................................ xi
第一章緒論..................................................................................... 1
1.1 背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 研究動機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 論文架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
第二章MIMO通訊系統介紹............................................................ 5
2.1 系統架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1 通道容量. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.2 通道編碼(Channel Code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 空間多工技術. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 空間多工線性解碼演算法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.1 強制歸零(Zero-Forcing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.2 最小均方錯誤(Minimum Mean Square Error) . . . 11
2.4 空間多工非線性解碼演算法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4.1 最大相似偵測法(Maximum Likelihood) . . . . . . . 12
2.4.2 樹狀搜尋(Tree Search) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5 偵測器解調輸出(Detector Output) . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.1 硬性解調輸出. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.2 軟性解調輸出. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5.3 非線性解碼偵測器的軟性解調輸出. . . . . . . . . . 20
第三章軟性輸出多輸入輸出偵測器................................................. 23
3.1 軟性輸出多輸入輸出偵測器的簡化. . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2 候選列表產生器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.1 實數系統(Real Value System) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.2 離散最佳K 演算法(Distributed K-Best) . . . . . 26
3.2.3 觀察與改良. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.3 改良最佳K 演算法(Improved K-Best) . . . . . . . 29
3.3.1 路徑延伸排序. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3.2 最佳路徑搜尋. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.4 平行解碼多輸入輸出偵測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.5 運算複雜度與效能比較分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.5.1 硬體的運算複雜度比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.5.2 效能比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
第四章硬體架構設計....................................................................... 41
4.1 候選列表產生器(Candidate List Generator) . . . 43
4.1.1 延伸電路(Extension Circuit) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.1.2 排序電路(Sorting Circuit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.1.3 最佳路徑搜尋電路(Best Path Search Circuit) . . 50
4.1.4 平行式候選列表產生器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2 軟性值產生器(Soft Value Generator) . . . . . . . 53
第五章晶片實現.............................................................................. 55
5.1 定點數模擬. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.2 FPGA 驗證. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.3 晶片規格與硬體比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
第六章結論與未來展望................................................................... 61
參考文獻............................................................................................. 63

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指導教授

薛木添(Muh-Tian Shiue)

審核日期

2015-7-22

推文