利用核依賴估計來進行多軌自動混音

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姓名

吳宗庭(Tsung-ting Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊工程學系

論文名稱

利用核依賴估計來進行多軌自動混音
(Automatic Multi-Track Mixing by Kernel Dependency Estimation)

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摘要(中)

近年來由於數位音樂的蓬勃發展，錄音器材越來越普及。使得非混音專業人士也能利用錄音界面(Audio Interface)錄製出不錯的成品; 但是一旦錄製了多軌(Multi-Track Recording)就會面臨到混音(Mixing)的問題，即需要把多軌的聲音混合在同一個軌中。混音牽扯到許多音響及聲學心理學的相關技術與知識，非專業人士要混出尚可的成品有一定的難度，所以我們提出了自動多軌混音系統(Automatic Multi-track Mixing System)，希望藉由監督式學習的方式學習各軌間混音參數的調配，產生每首的基礎混音(Basic mix-down)來幫助非混音專業人士也能混出不錯的成品(Mix-down)。由於混音參數取得不易，我們會先藉由分軌及混音好的關係估計出各個混音參數，接著利用其參數進行混音模型(Model)的建立。在參數學習(Parameter Learning)方面由於每軌的混音參數是有依賴關係的(Dependency)，我們採用了核依賴估計(Kernel Dependency Estimation)[13]的參數學習(Parameter Learning)方式來預測每軌的混音參數。

摘要(英)

Due to the revolution of digital music, People can create acceptable quality recordings in a home studio with cheaper gear. But after multi-track recording, they will next do the essential part of music production: Mixing which combine multi-track recording into one or more channel. The Learning curve of how to mix is very high due to some sound engineering and psychoacoustic background knowledge. It is difficult to get good mixdown for non-specialist in sound engineer. In this paper, we want to use a supervised learning method for automatically mixing multi-track recording into coherent and well-balanced piece. In our system, due to lack of data source of mixing parameter, first we estimate the weight of mixing parameter by using the relation between raw multi-track and mixdown. Then using estimated parameter, we adopt kernel decency estimation method to create our mixing model based on the dependency between tracks.

關鍵字(中)

★ 自動混音
★ 核依賴估計

關鍵字(英)

★ Automatic Mixing
★ Kernel Dependency Estimation

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
一、緒論 1
1.1 混音(Mixing) 1
1.2 研究動機(Motivation) 2
二、相關研究 4
2.1. 混音基本元素(Basic Factor of Mixing) 4
 音量平衡(Balance of Volume) 4
 音色修正與平衡(Balance of Frequency) 4
 樂器擺位(PANNING) 5
2.2. 混音參數估計(Mixing Parameter Estimation) 5
2.3. 混音參數預測 6
三、研究方法 7
3.1 資料集 (DATASET) 8
3.2 混音參數估計 (PARAMETER ESTIMATION) 10
 音量 (VOLUME) 11
 頻率(Frequency) 11
 樂器擺位(PANNING) 12
3.3 核依賴估計模型建立(Kernel Dependency Estimation Model) 12
3.3.1 核依賴估計(Kernel Dependency Estimation) 13
四、實驗 15
4.1 ㄧ次一個交叉測試(Leave-one-out Cross Validation) 15
4.2 KDE方法的效果(Effect of KDE Method) 18
4.3 跨類型測試(Cross Genre Testing) 19
五、結論與未來工作 21
參考文獻 22

參考文獻

[1] E. R. R. 128, "Algorithms To Measure Audio Programme Loudness And True-peak Audio Level," EBU, 2010.
[2] A. Balster, "Audio Control Facilities in Modern Recording Studios," Audio Engineering Society, 1972.
[3] D. Barchiesi and J. Reiss, "Automatic Target Mixing Using Least-squares Optimization of Gains And Equalization Settings," Digital Audio Effects(DAFx-09), 2009.
[4] H. Katayose, A. Yatsui, and M. Goto, "A Mix-Down Assistant Interface with Reuse of Examples," Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution, 2005.
[5] B. Kolasinski, "A Framework for Automatic Mixing Using Timbral Similarity Measures and Genetic Optimizatio," Audio Engineering Society, 2008.
[6] Mike.Senior, "Mixing Secrets for the Small Studio," 2011.
[7] B. C. J. a. G. Moore, Brian R. and Stone, Michael A., "Why Are Commercials so Loud? ′ Perception and Modeling of the Loudness of Amplitude-Compressed Speech," J. Audio Eng. Soc, 2003.
[8] A. C. Nicola Montecchio, "Accelerating The Mixing Phase In Studio Recording productions By Automatic Audio Alignment," International Society for Music Information Retrieval, 2011.
[9] S. H. a. S. Nielsen, Esben, "Evaluation of Different Loudness Models with Music and Speech Material," Audio Engineering Society, 2004.
[10] J. Scott and Y. E. Kim, "Analysis of Acoustic Features of Automated Multi-Track Mixing," International Society for Music Information Retrieval, 2011.
[11] J. Scott and Y. E. Kim, "Instrument Identification Informed Multi-track Mixing," International Society for Music Information Retrieval, 2013.
[12] D. Ward, J. D. Reiss, and C. Athwal, "Multi-track mixing using a model of loudness and partial loudness," 2012.
[13] J. Weston, O. Chapelle, A. Elisseeff, B. Scholkopf, and V. Vapnik, "Kernel Dependency Estimation," Neural Information Processing Systems, 2002.

指導教授

張嘉惠(Chia-hui Chang)

審核日期

2014-8-21

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