應用線性判別分析法改善衛星資料估算颱風生成潛勢指標之研究

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黃建齊(Jiann-chyi Hwang) 查詢紙本館藏

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大氣物理研究所

論文名稱

應用線性判別分析法改善衛星資料估算颱風生成潛勢指標之研究

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摘要(中)

颱風的生成發展機制目前尚未能完全被瞭解，因此本研究嘗試分析熱帶雲簇能否發展成為颱風的關鍵海氣環境條件。首先收集洋面上發展雲簇與非發展雲簇個案，應用統計學上的線性判別分析（Linear Discriminant Analysis，LDA）方法，以歸納此兩類雲簇間海氣環境條件的差異性，進而做為颱風生成潛勢之預報參考。
在分類工作上，LDA常用於決定未分類樣本的類別歸屬，實務上則需先建立判別函數（discriminant function）做為分類依據。因此，本研究收集西北太平洋2000年至2009年間的聯合颱風警報中心（JTWC）颱風最佳路徑、全球熱帶雲簇資料庫（Global Tropical Cloud Cluster Dataset），及NCEP Final Analysis（FNL）再分析資料，挑選七項海氣環境參數以建立完整的判別函數。此七項參數分別為：1）850hPa 相對渦度、2）850hPa－200hPa 垂直風切、3）925hPa 輻散值、4）緯度、5）850hPa 相對溼度、6）SSM/I 反演之合成熱能、7）海表面溫度。而後，即可應用LDA方法及所得之判別函數量化歸納出雲簇能發展為颱風的海氣條件閥值。
接下來，再以發生於2010年至2013年間83個獨立颱風個案進行驗證，並將判別函數換算為颱風生成機率分佈圖。本研究結果顯示：若設定60% 發展機率為門檻值，本方法預報發展個案命中率達96.4%，且平均可早於JTWC發佈TS警報前53.1小時發佈颱風生成預警。

摘要(英)

Up until now, the mechanisms behind tropical cyclogenesis is still not fully understood. Thus, this study seeks to find the primary air-sea environmental parameters of tropical cloud clusters (TCC) that may eventually lead to the development of a typhoon. First, this study collected data related to developing and nondeveloping TCCs, and applied the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to analyze the air-sea parameters differences between developing and nondeveloping TCC sets. The thresholds from the differences can thus be used to establish the tropical cyclogenesis potential index (TCPI) for early typhoon formation detection.
LDA is usually used to classify unknown cases to different groups according to discriminant functions. In this study, the Western Pacific JTWC best tracks, global tropical cloud cluster dataset, and NCEP FNL Analyses data are collected and used to establish a comprehensive environmental LDA discriminant function with seven air-sea parameters: 1) 850hPa relative vorticity, 2) 850hPa-200hPa vertical wind shear, 3) 925hPa divergence, 4) latitude, 5) 850hPa relative humidity, 6) SSM/I composite heat energy, and 7) sea surface temperature. Eventually, we can apply the discriminant function established by the historical cases to classify future unknown cases.
Meanwhile, the air-sea environmental thresholds for cyclonegensis from the LDA method are verified by 83 independent typhoon cases that occurred during 2010 to 2013. The discriminant functions are then converted into tropical cyclogenesis probability (TCP) maps. Results show that if the threshold for tropical cyclogenesis probability is set to 60%, the average hit rate of the method is 96.4%, and the average forecast time is roughly 53.1 hours ahead of JTWC’s official tropical cyclone warning.

關鍵字(中)

★ 颱風生成
★ 熱帶雲簇
★ 海氣參數
★ 線性判別分析

關鍵字(英)

★ Tropical cyclogenesis
★ Tropical cloud cluster
★ Air-sea interactive parameter
★ Linear Discriminant Analysis

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究目的 6
第二章資料介紹 8
2.1 NCEP Final Analyses 再分析資料 8
2.2 JTWC 最佳路徑資料 9
2.3 全球熱帶雲簇資料庫 9
2.4 紅外線衛星影像 10
2.5 NOAA 最佳內插海表面溫度資料 12
2.6 SSM/I 微波資料 13
2.7 研究範圍 14
第三章研究方法 16
3.1 發展與未發展雲簇個案篩選 17
3.1.1 發展雲簇定義 17
3.1.2 未發展雲簇定義 17
3.2 環境參數處理 18
3.2.1 850hPa 相對渦度 18
3.2.2 925hPa 輻散值 19
3.2.3 850hPa－200hPa垂直風切 20
3.2.4 500、700、850hPa 平均相對溼度 21
3.2.5 SSM/I合成熱能 21
3.2.6 緯度 25
3.2.7 海表面溫度 26
3.3 線性判別分析 26
3.4 判別函數轉換為發展機率 31
第四章結果分析與討論 33
4.1 LDA 判別函數結果 33
4.2 2010年至2013年發展個案監測結果 34
4.3 颱風個案分析 38
4.3.1 成功預報個案探討 38
4.3.2 延誤預報個案探討 40
4.4 誤報情況探討 42
第五章結論 46
參考文獻 49
參考網站 57
附表 58
附圖 66

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指導教授

劉振榮(Gin-Rong Liu)

審核日期

2014-7-22

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